st

st.c (100946B)

---

 /* See LICENSE for license details. */
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <locale.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/select.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <termios.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
 #include <X11/keysym.h>
 #include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>
 #include <X11/XKBlib.h>
 #include <fontconfig/fontconfig.h>
 #include <wchar.h>
 
 #include "arg.h"
 
 char *argv0;
 
 #define Glyph Glyph_
 #define Font Font_
 
 #if   defined(__linux)
  #include <pty.h>
 #elif defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__APPLE__)
  #include <util.h>
 #elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
  #include <libutil.h>
 #endif
 
 
 /* XEMBED messages */
 #define XEMBED_FOCUS_IN  4
 #define XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT 5
 
 /* Arbitrary sizes */
 #define UTF_INVALID   0xFFFD
 #define UTF_SIZ       4
 #define ESC_BUF_SIZ   (128*UTF_SIZ)
 #define ESC_ARG_SIZ   16
 #define STR_BUF_SIZ   ESC_BUF_SIZ
 #define STR_ARG_SIZ   ESC_ARG_SIZ
 #define XK_ANY_MOD    UINT_MAX
 #define XK_NO_MOD     0
 #define XK_SWITCH_MOD (1<<13)
 
 /* macros */
 #define MIN(a, b)		((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
 #define MAX(a, b)		((a) < (b) ? (b) : (a))
 #define LEN(a)			(sizeof(a) / sizeof(a)[0])
 #define NUMMAXLEN(x)		((int)(sizeof(x) * 2.56 + 0.5) + 1)
 #define DEFAULT(a, b)		(a) = (a) ? (a) : (b)
 #define BETWEEN(x, a, b)	((a) <= (x) && (x) <= (b))
 #define DIVCEIL(n, d)		(((n) + ((d) - 1)) / (d))
 #define ISCONTROLC0(c)		(BETWEEN(c, 0, 0x1f) || (c) == '\177')
 #define ISCONTROLC1(c)		(BETWEEN(c, 0x80, 0x9f))
 #define ISCONTROL(c)		(ISCONTROLC0(c) || ISCONTROLC1(c))
 #define ISDELIM(u)		(utf8strchr(worddelimiters, u) != NULL)
 #define LIMIT(x, a, b)		(x) = (x) < (a) ? (a) : (x) > (b) ? (b) : (x)
 #define ATTRCMP(a, b)		((a).mode != (b).mode || (a).fg != (b).fg || \
 				(a).bg != (b).bg)
 #define IS_SET(flag)		((term.mode & (flag)) != 0)
 #define TIMEDIFF(t1, t2)	((t1.tv_sec-t2.tv_sec)*1000 + \
 				(t1.tv_nsec-t2.tv_nsec)/1E6)
 #define MODBIT(x, set, bit)	((set) ? ((x) |= (bit)) : ((x) &= ~(bit)))
 
 #define TRUECOLOR(r,g,b)	(1 << 24 | (r) << 16 | (g) << 8 | (b))
 #define IS_TRUECOL(x)		(1 << 24 & (x))
 #define TRUERED(x)		(((x) & 0xff0000) >> 8)
 #define TRUEGREEN(x)		(((x) & 0xff00))
 #define TRUEBLUE(x)		(((x) & 0xff) << 8)
 
 /* constants */
 #define ISO14755CMD		"dmenu -w %lu -p codepoint: </dev/null"
 
 enum glyph_attribute {
 	ATTR_NULL       = 0,
 	ATTR_BOLD       = 1 << 0,
 	ATTR_FAINT      = 1 << 1,
 	ATTR_ITALIC     = 1 << 2,
 	ATTR_UNDERLINE  = 1 << 3,
 	ATTR_BLINK      = 1 << 4,
 	ATTR_REVERSE    = 1 << 5,
 	ATTR_INVISIBLE  = 1 << 6,
 	ATTR_STRUCK     = 1 << 7,
 	ATTR_WRAP       = 1 << 8,
 	ATTR_WIDE       = 1 << 9,
 	ATTR_WDUMMY     = 1 << 10,
 	ATTR_BOLD_FAINT = ATTR_BOLD | ATTR_FAINT,
 };
 
 enum cursor_movement {
 	CURSOR_SAVE,
 	CURSOR_LOAD
 };
 
 enum cursor_state {
 	CURSOR_DEFAULT  = 0,
 	CURSOR_WRAPNEXT = 1,
 	CURSOR_ORIGIN   = 2
 };
 
 enum term_mode {
 	MODE_WRAP        = 1 << 0,
 	MODE_INSERT      = 1 << 1,
 	MODE_APPKEYPAD   = 1 << 2,
 	MODE_ALTSCREEN   = 1 << 3,
 	MODE_CRLF        = 1 << 4,
 	MODE_MOUSEBTN    = 1 << 5,
 	MODE_MOUSEMOTION = 1 << 6,
 	MODE_REVERSE     = 1 << 7,
 	MODE_KBDLOCK     = 1 << 8,
 	MODE_HIDE        = 1 << 9,
 	MODE_ECHO        = 1 << 10,
 	MODE_APPCURSOR   = 1 << 11,
 	MODE_MOUSESGR    = 1 << 12,
 	MODE_8BIT        = 1 << 13,
 	MODE_BLINK       = 1 << 14,
 	MODE_FBLINK      = 1 << 15,
 	MODE_FOCUS       = 1 << 16,
 	MODE_MOUSEX10    = 1 << 17,
 	MODE_MOUSEMANY   = 1 << 18,
 	MODE_BRCKTPASTE  = 1 << 19,
 	MODE_PRINT       = 1 << 20,
 	MODE_UTF8        = 1 << 21,
 	MODE_SIXEL       = 1 << 22,
 	MODE_MOUSE       = MODE_MOUSEBTN|MODE_MOUSEMOTION|MODE_MOUSEX10\
 	                  |MODE_MOUSEMANY,
 };
 
 enum charset {
 	CS_GRAPHIC0,
 	CS_GRAPHIC1,
 	CS_UK,
 	CS_USA,
 	CS_MULTI,
 	CS_GER,
 	CS_FIN
 };
 
 enum escape_state {
 	ESC_START      = 1,
 	ESC_CSI        = 2,
 	ESC_STR        = 4,  /* OSC, PM, APC */
 	ESC_ALTCHARSET = 8,
 	ESC_STR_END    = 16, /* a final string was encountered */
 	ESC_TEST       = 32, /* Enter in test mode */
 	ESC_UTF8       = 64,
 	ESC_DCS        =128,
 };
 
 enum window_state {
 	WIN_VISIBLE = 1,
 	WIN_FOCUSED = 2
 };
 
 enum selection_mode {
 	SEL_IDLE = 0,
 	SEL_EMPTY = 1,
 	SEL_READY = 2
 };
 
 enum selection_type {
 	SEL_REGULAR = 1,
 	SEL_RECTANGULAR = 2
 };
 
 enum selection_snap {
 	SNAP_WORD = 1,
 	SNAP_LINE = 2
 };
 
 typedef unsigned char uchar;
 typedef unsigned int uint;
 typedef unsigned long ulong;
 typedef unsigned short ushort;
 
 typedef uint_least32_t Rune;
 
 typedef XftDraw *Draw;
 typedef XftColor Color;
 
 typedef struct {
 	Rune u;           /* character code */
 	ushort mode;      /* attribute flags */
 	uint32_t fg;      /* foreground  */
 	uint32_t bg;      /* background  */
 } Glyph;
 
 typedef Glyph *Line;
 
 typedef struct {
 	Glyph attr; /* current char attributes */
 	int x;
 	int y;
 	char state;
 } TCursor;
 
 /* CSI Escape sequence structs */
 /* ESC '[' [[ [<priv>] <arg> [;]] <mode> [<mode>]] */
 typedef struct {
 	char buf[ESC_BUF_SIZ]; /* raw string */
 	int len;               /* raw string length */
 	char priv;
 	int arg[ESC_ARG_SIZ];
 	int narg;              /* nb of args */
 	char mode[2];
 } CSIEscape;
 
 /* STR Escape sequence structs */
 /* ESC type [[ [<priv>] <arg> [;]] <mode>] ESC '\' */
 typedef struct {
 	char type;             /* ESC type ... */
 	char buf[STR_BUF_SIZ]; /* raw string */
 	int len;               /* raw string length */
 	char *args[STR_ARG_SIZ];
 	int narg;              /* nb of args */
 } STREscape;
 
 /* Internal representation of the screen */
 typedef struct {
 	int row;      /* nb row */
 	int col;      /* nb col */
 	Line *line;   /* screen */
 	Line *alt;    /* alternate screen */
 	int *dirty;  /* dirtyness of lines */
 	XftGlyphFontSpec *specbuf; /* font spec buffer used for rendering */
 	TCursor c;    /* cursor */
 	int top;      /* top    scroll limit */
 	int bot;      /* bottom scroll limit */
 	int mode;     /* terminal mode flags */
 	int esc;      /* escape state flags */
 	char trantbl[4]; /* charset table translation */
 	int charset;  /* current charset */
 	int icharset; /* selected charset for sequence */
 	int numlock; /* lock numbers in keyboard */
 	int *tabs;
 } Term;
 
 /* Purely graphic info */
 typedef struct {
 	Display *dpy;
 	Colormap cmap;
 	Window win;
 	Drawable buf;
 	Atom xembed, wmdeletewin, netwmname, netwmpid;
 	XIM xim;
 	XIC xic;
 	Draw draw;
 	Visual *vis;
 	XSetWindowAttributes attrs;
 	int scr;
 	int isfixed; /* is fixed geometry? */
 	int l, t; /* left and top offset */
 	int gm; /* geometry mask */
 	int tw, th; /* tty width and height */
 	int w, h; /* window width and height */
 	int ch; /* char height */
 	int cw; /* char width  */
 	char state; /* focus, redraw, visible */
 	int cursor; /* cursor style */
 } XWindow;
 
 typedef struct {
 	uint b;
 	uint mask;
 	char *s;
 } MouseShortcut;
 
 typedef struct {
 	KeySym k;
 	uint mask;
 	char *s;
 	/* three valued logic variables: 0 indifferent, 1 on, -1 off */
 	signed char appkey;    /* application keypad */
 	signed char appcursor; /* application cursor */
 	signed char crlf;      /* crlf mode          */
 } Key;
 
 typedef struct {
 	int mode;
 	int type;
 	int snap;
 	/*
 	 * Selection variables:
 	 * nb – normalized coordinates of the beginning of the selection
 	 * ne – normalized coordinates of the end of the selection
 	 * ob – original coordinates of the beginning of the selection
 	 * oe – original coordinates of the end of the selection
 	 */
 	struct {
 		int x, y;
 	} nb, ne, ob, oe;
 
 	char *primary, *clipboard;
 	Atom xtarget;
 	int alt;
 	struct timespec tclick1;
 	struct timespec tclick2;
 } Selection;
 
 typedef union {
 	int i;
 	uint ui;
 	float f;
 	const void *v;
 } Arg;
 
 typedef struct {
 	uint mod;
 	KeySym keysym;
 	void (*func)(const Arg *);
 	const Arg arg;
 } Shortcut;
 
 /* function definitions used in config.h */
 static void clipcopy(const Arg *);
 static void clippaste(const Arg *);
 static void numlock(const Arg *);
 static void selpaste(const Arg *);
 static void xzoom(const Arg *);
 static void xzoomabs(const Arg *);
 static void xzoomreset(const Arg *);
 static void printsel(const Arg *);
 static void printscreen(const Arg *) ;
 static void iso14755(const Arg *);
 static void toggleprinter(const Arg *);
 static void sendbreak(const Arg *);
 static void externalpipe(const Arg *);
 
 /* Config.h for applying patches and the configuration. */
 #include "config.h"
 
 /* Font structure */
 typedef struct {
 	int height;
 	int width;
 	int ascent;
 	int descent;
 	int badslant;
 	int badweight;
 	short lbearing;
 	short rbearing;
 	XftFont *match;
 	FcFontSet *set;
 	FcPattern *pattern;
 } Font;
 
 /* Drawing Context */
 typedef struct {
 	Color col[MAX(LEN(colorname), 256)];
 	Font font, bfont, ifont, ibfont;
 	GC gc;
 } DC;
 
 static void die(const char *, ...);
 static void draw(void);
 static void redraw(void);
 static void drawregion(int, int, int, int);
 static void execsh(void);
 static void stty(void);
 static void sigchld(int);
 static void run(void);
 
 static void csidump(void);
 static void csihandle(void);
 static void csiparse(void);
 static void csireset(void);
 static int eschandle(uchar);
 static void strdump(void);
 static void strhandle(void);
 static void strparse(void);
 static void strreset(void);
 
 static int tattrset(int);
 static void tprinter(char *, size_t);
 static void tdumpsel(void);
 static void tdumpline(int);
 static void tdump(void);
 static void tclearregion(int, int, int, int);
 static void tcursor(int);
 static void tdeletechar(int);
 static void tdeleteline(int);
 static void tinsertblank(int);
 static void tinsertblankline(int);
 static int tlinelen(int);
 static void tmoveto(int, int);
 static void tmoveato(int, int);
 static void tnew(int, int);
 static void tnewline(int);
 static void tputtab(int);
 static void tputc(Rune);
 static void treset(void);
 static void tresize(int, int);
 static void tscrollup(int, int);
 static void tscrolldown(int, int);
 static void tsetattr(int *, int);
 static void tsetchar(Rune, Glyph *, int, int);
 static void tsetscroll(int, int);
 static void tswapscreen(void);
 static void tsetdirt(int, int);
 static void tsetdirtattr(int);
 static void tsetmode(int, int, int *, int);
 static void tfulldirt(void);
 static void techo(Rune);
 static void tcontrolcode(uchar );
 static void tdectest(char );
 static void tdefutf8(char);
 static int32_t tdefcolor(int *, int *, int);
 static void tdeftran(char);
 static inline int match(uint, uint);
 static void ttynew(void);
 static size_t ttyread(void);
 static void ttyresize(void);
 static void ttysend(char *, size_t);
 static void ttywrite(const char *, size_t);
 static void tstrsequence(uchar);
 
 static inline ushort sixd_to_16bit(int);
 static int xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *, const Glyph *, int, int, int);
 static void xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *, Glyph, int, int, int);
 static void xdrawglyph(Glyph, int, int);
 static void xhints(void);
 static void xclear(int, int, int, int);
 static void xdrawcursor(void);
 static void xinit(void);
 static void xloadcols(void);
 static int xsetcolorname(int, const char *);
 static int xgeommasktogravity(int);
 static int xloadfont(Font *, FcPattern *);
 static void xloadfonts(char *, double);
 static void xsettitle(char *);
 static void xresettitle(void);
 static void xsetpointermotion(int);
 static void xseturgency(int);
 static void xsetsel(char *, Time);
 static void xunloadfont(Font *);
 static void xunloadfonts(void);
 static void xresize(int, int);
 
 static void expose(XEvent *);
 static void visibility(XEvent *);
 static void unmap(XEvent *);
 static char *kmap(KeySym, uint);
 static void kpress(XEvent *);
 static void cmessage(XEvent *);
 static void cresize(int, int);
 static void resize(XEvent *);
 static void focus(XEvent *);
 static void brelease(XEvent *);
 static void bpress(XEvent *);
 static void bmotion(XEvent *);
 static void propnotify(XEvent *);
 static void selnotify(XEvent *);
 static void selclear(XEvent *);
 static void selrequest(XEvent *);
 
 static void selinit(void);
 static void selnormalize(void);
 static inline int selected(int, int);
 static char *getsel(void);
 static void selcopy(Time);
 static void selscroll(int, int);
 static void selsnap(int *, int *, int);
 static int x2col(int);
 static int y2row(int);
 static void getbuttoninfo(XEvent *);
 static void mousereport(XEvent *);
 
 static size_t utf8decode(char *, Rune *, size_t);
 static Rune utf8decodebyte(char, size_t *);
 static size_t utf8encode(Rune, char *);
 static char utf8encodebyte(Rune, size_t);
 static char *utf8strchr(char *s, Rune u);
 static size_t utf8validate(Rune *, size_t);
 
 static ssize_t xwrite(int, const char *, size_t);
 static void *xmalloc(size_t);
 static void *xrealloc(void *, size_t);
 static char *xstrdup(char *);
 
 static void usage(void);
 
 static void (*handler[LASTEvent])(XEvent *) = {
 	[KeyPress] = kpress,
 	[ClientMessage] = cmessage,
 	[ConfigureNotify] = resize,
 	[VisibilityNotify] = visibility,
 	[UnmapNotify] = unmap,
 	[Expose] = expose,
 	[FocusIn] = focus,
 	[FocusOut] = focus,
 	[MotionNotify] = bmotion,
 	[ButtonPress] = bpress,
 	[ButtonRelease] = brelease,
 /*
  * Uncomment if you want the selection to disappear when you select something
  * different in another window.
  */
 /*	[SelectionClear] = selclear, */
 	[SelectionNotify] = selnotify,
 /*
  * PropertyNotify is only turned on when there is some INCR transfer happening
  * for the selection retrieval.
  */
 	[PropertyNotify] = propnotify,
 	[SelectionRequest] = selrequest,
 };
 
 /* Globals */
 static DC dc;
 static XWindow xw;
 static Term term;
 static CSIEscape csiescseq;
 static STREscape strescseq;
 static int cmdfd;
 static pid_t pid;
 static Selection sel;
 static int iofd = 1;
 static char **opt_cmd  = NULL;
 static char *opt_class = NULL;
 static char *opt_embed = NULL;
 static char *opt_font  = NULL;
 static char *opt_io    = NULL;
 static char *opt_line  = NULL;
 static char *opt_name  = NULL;
 static char *opt_title = NULL;
 static int oldbutton   = 3; /* button event on startup: 3 = release */
 
 static char *usedfont = NULL;
 static double usedfontsize = 0;
 static double defaultfontsize = 0;
 
 static uchar utfbyte[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0x80,    0, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0};
 static uchar utfmask[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0xC0, 0x80, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8};
 static Rune utfmin[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {       0,    0,  0x80,  0x800,  0x10000};
 static Rune utfmax[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0x10FFFF, 0x7F, 0x7FF, 0xFFFF, 0x10FFFF};
 
 /* Font Ring Cache */
 enum {
 	FRC_NORMAL,
 	FRC_ITALIC,
 	FRC_BOLD,
 	FRC_ITALICBOLD
 };
 
 typedef struct {
 	XftFont *font;
 	int flags;
 	Rune unicodep;
 } Fontcache;
 
 /* Fontcache is an array now. A new font will be appended to the array. */
 static Fontcache frc[16];
 static int frclen = 0;
 
 ssize_t
 xwrite(int fd, const char *s, size_t len)
 {
 	size_t aux = len;
 	ssize_t r;
 
 	while (len > 0) {
 		r = write(fd, s, len);
 		if (r < 0)
 			return r;
 		len -= r;
 		s += r;
 	}
 
 	return aux;
 }
 
 void *
 xmalloc(size_t len)
 {
 	void *p = malloc(len);
 
 	if (!p)
 		die("Out of memory\n");
 
 	return p;
 }
 
 void *
 xrealloc(void *p, size_t len)
 {
 	if ((p = realloc(p, len)) == NULL)
 		die("Out of memory\n");
 
 	return p;
 }
 
 char *
 xstrdup(char *s)
 {
 	if ((s = strdup(s)) == NULL)
 		die("Out of memory\n");
 
 	return s;
 }
 
 size_t
 utf8decode(char *c, Rune *u, size_t clen)
 {
 	size_t i, j, len, type;
 	Rune udecoded;
 
 	*u = UTF_INVALID;
 	if (!clen)
 		return 0;
 	udecoded = utf8decodebyte(c[0], &len);
 	if (!BETWEEN(len, 1, UTF_SIZ))
 		return 1;
 	for (i = 1, j = 1; i < clen && j < len; ++i, ++j) {
 		udecoded = (udecoded << 6) | utf8decodebyte(c[i], &type);
 		if (type != 0)
 			return j;
 	}
 	if (j < len)
 		return 0;
 	*u = udecoded;
 	utf8validate(u, len);
 
 	return len;
 }
 
 Rune
 utf8decodebyte(char c, size_t *i)
 {
 	for (*i = 0; *i < LEN(utfmask); ++(*i))
 		if (((uchar)c & utfmask[*i]) == utfbyte[*i])
 			return (uchar)c & ~utfmask[*i];
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 size_t
 utf8encode(Rune u, char *c)
 {
 	size_t len, i;
 
 	len = utf8validate(&u, 0);
 	if (len > UTF_SIZ)
 		return 0;
 
 	for (i = len - 1; i != 0; --i) {
 		c[i] = utf8encodebyte(u, 0);
 		u >>= 6;
 	}
 	c[0] = utf8encodebyte(u, len);
 
 	return len;
 }
 
 char
 utf8encodebyte(Rune u, size_t i)
 {
 	return utfbyte[i] | (u & ~utfmask[i]);
 }
 
 char *
 utf8strchr(char *s, Rune u)
 {
 	Rune r;
 	size_t i, j, len;
 
 	len = strlen(s);
 	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < len; i += j) {
 		if (!(j = utf8decode(&s[i], &r, len - i)))
 			break;
 		if (r == u)
 			return &(s[i]);
 	}
 
 	return NULL;
 }
 
 size_t
 utf8validate(Rune *u, size_t i)
 {
 	if (!BETWEEN(*u, utfmin[i], utfmax[i]) || BETWEEN(*u, 0xD800, 0xDFFF))
 		*u = UTF_INVALID;
 	for (i = 1; *u > utfmax[i]; ++i)
 		;
 
 	return i;
 }
 
 void
 selinit(void)
 {
 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &sel.tclick1);
 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &sel.tclick2);
 	sel.mode = SEL_IDLE;
 	sel.snap = 0;
 	sel.ob.x = -1;
 	sel.primary = NULL;
 	sel.clipboard = NULL;
 	sel.xtarget = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "UTF8_STRING", 0);
 	if (sel.xtarget == None)
 		sel.xtarget = XA_STRING;
 }
 
 int
 x2col(int x)
 {
 	x -= borderpx;
 	x /= xw.cw;
 
 	return LIMIT(x, 0, term.col-1);
 }
 
 int
 y2row(int y)
 {
 	y -= borderpx;
 	y /= xw.ch;
 
 	return LIMIT(y, 0, term.row-1);
 }
 
 int
 tlinelen(int y)
 {
 	int i = term.col;
 
 	if (term.line[y][i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
 		return i;
 
 	while (i > 0 && term.line[y][i - 1].u == ' ')
 		--i;
 
 	return i;
 }
 
 void
 selnormalize(void)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	if (sel.type == SEL_REGULAR && sel.ob.y != sel.oe.y) {
 		sel.nb.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.ob.x : sel.oe.x;
 		sel.ne.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.oe.x : sel.ob.x;
 	} else {
 		sel.nb.x = MIN(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
 		sel.ne.x = MAX(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
 	}
 	sel.nb.y = MIN(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
 	sel.ne.y = MAX(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
 
 	selsnap(&sel.nb.x, &sel.nb.y, -1);
 	selsnap(&sel.ne.x, &sel.ne.y, +1);
 
 	/* expand selection over line breaks */
 	if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
 		return;
 	i = tlinelen(sel.nb.y);
 	if (i < sel.nb.x)
 		sel.nb.x = i;
 	if (tlinelen(sel.ne.y) <= sel.ne.x)
 		sel.ne.x = term.col - 1;
 }
 
 int
 selected(int x, int y)
 {
 	if (sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY)
 		return 0;
 
 	if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
 		return BETWEEN(y, sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y)
 		    && BETWEEN(x, sel.nb.x, sel.ne.x);
 
 	return BETWEEN(y, sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y)
 	    && (y != sel.nb.y || x >= sel.nb.x)
 	    && (y != sel.ne.y || x <= sel.ne.x);
 }
 
 void
 selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
 {
 	int newx, newy, xt, yt;
 	int delim, prevdelim;
 	Glyph *gp, *prevgp;
 
 	switch (sel.snap) {
 	case SNAP_WORD:
 		/*
 		 * Snap around if the word wraps around at the end or
 		 * beginning of a line.
 		 */
 		prevgp = &term.line[*y][*x];
 		prevdelim = ISDELIM(prevgp->u);
 		for (;;) {
 			newx = *x + direction;
 			newy = *y;
 			if (!BETWEEN(newx, 0, term.col - 1)) {
 				newy += direction;
 				newx = (newx + term.col) % term.col;
 				if (!BETWEEN(newy, 0, term.row - 1))
 					break;
 
 				if (direction > 0)
 					yt = *y, xt = *x;
 				else
 					yt = newy, xt = newx;
 				if (!(term.line[yt][xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
 					break;
 			}
 
 			if (newx >= tlinelen(newy))
 				break;
 
 			gp = &term.line[newy][newx];
 			delim = ISDELIM(gp->u);
 			if (!(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) && (delim != prevdelim
 					|| (delim && gp->u != prevgp->u)))
 				break;
 
 			*x = newx;
 			*y = newy;
 			prevgp = gp;
 			prevdelim = delim;
 		}
 		break;
 	case SNAP_LINE:
 		/*
 		 * Snap around if the the previous line or the current one
 		 * has set ATTR_WRAP at its end. Then the whole next or
 		 * previous line will be selected.
 		 */
 		*x = (direction < 0) ? 0 : term.col - 1;
 		if (direction < 0) {
 			for (; *y > 0; *y += direction) {
 				if (!(term.line[*y-1][term.col-1].mode
 						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
 					break;
 				}
 			}
 		} else if (direction > 0) {
 			for (; *y < term.row-1; *y += direction) {
 				if (!(term.line[*y][term.col-1].mode
 						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
 					break;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		break;
 	}
 }
 
 void
 getbuttoninfo(XEvent *e)
 {
 	int type;
 	uint state = e->xbutton.state & ~(Button1Mask | forceselmod);
 
 	sel.alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
 
 	sel.oe.x = x2col(e->xbutton.x);
 	sel.oe.y = y2row(e->xbutton.y);
 	selnormalize();
 
 	sel.type = SEL_REGULAR;
 	for (type = 1; type < LEN(selmasks); ++type) {
 		if (match(selmasks[type], state)) {
 			sel.type = type;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 void
 mousereport(XEvent *e)
 {
 	int x = x2col(e->xbutton.x), y = y2row(e->xbutton.y),
 	    button = e->xbutton.button, state = e->xbutton.state,
 	    len;
 	char buf[40];
 	static int ox, oy;
 
 	/* from urxvt */
 	if (e->xbutton.type == MotionNotify) {
 		if (x == ox && y == oy)
 			return;
 		if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && !IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMANY))
 			return;
 		/* MOUSE_MOTION: no reporting if no button is pressed */
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && oldbutton == 3)
 			return;
 
 		button = oldbutton + 32;
 		ox = x;
 		oy = y;
 	} else {
 		if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR) && e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease) {
 			button = 3;
 		} else {
 			button -= Button1;
 			if (button >= 3)
 				button += 64 - 3;
 		}
 		if (e->xbutton.type == ButtonPress) {
 			oldbutton = button;
 			ox = x;
 			oy = y;
 		} else if (e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease) {
 			oldbutton = 3;
 			/* MODE_MOUSEX10: no button release reporting */
 			if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10))
 				return;
 			if (button == 64 || button == 65)
 				return;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10)) {
 		button += ((state & ShiftMask  ) ? 4  : 0)
 			+ ((state & Mod4Mask   ) ? 8  : 0)
 			+ ((state & ControlMask) ? 16 : 0);
 	}
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR)) {
 		len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[<%d;%d;%d%c",
 				button, x+1, y+1,
 				e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease ? 'm' : 'M');
 	} else if (x < 223 && y < 223) {
 		len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[M%c%c%c",
 				32+button, 32+x+1, 32+y+1);
 	} else {
 		return;
 	}
 
 	ttywrite(buf, len);
 }
 
 void
 bpress(XEvent *e)
 {
 	struct timespec now;
 	MouseShortcut *ms;
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forceselmod)) {
 		mousereport(e);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	for (ms = mshortcuts; ms < mshortcuts + LEN(mshortcuts); ms++) {
 		if (e->xbutton.button == ms->b
 				&& match(ms->mask, e->xbutton.state)) {
 			ttysend(ms->s, strlen(ms->s));
 			return;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (e->xbutton.button == Button1) {
 		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 
 		/* Clear previous selection, logically and visually. */
 		selclear(NULL);
 		sel.mode = SEL_EMPTY;
 		sel.type = SEL_REGULAR;
 		sel.oe.x = sel.ob.x = x2col(e->xbutton.x);
 		sel.oe.y = sel.ob.y = y2row(e->xbutton.y);
 
 		/*
 		 * If the user clicks below predefined timeouts specific
 		 * snapping behaviour is exposed.
 		 */
 		if (TIMEDIFF(now, sel.tclick2) <= tripleclicktimeout) {
 			sel.snap = SNAP_LINE;
 		} else if (TIMEDIFF(now, sel.tclick1) <= doubleclicktimeout) {
 			sel.snap = SNAP_WORD;
 		} else {
 			sel.snap = 0;
 		}
 		selnormalize();
 
 		if (sel.snap != 0)
 			sel.mode = SEL_READY;
 		tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
 		sel.tclick2 = sel.tclick1;
 		sel.tclick1 = now;
 	}
 }
 
 char *
 getsel(void)
 {
 	char *str, *ptr;
 	int y, bufsize, lastx, linelen;
 	Glyph *gp, *last;
 
 	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
 		return NULL;
 
 	bufsize = (term.col+1) * (sel.ne.y-sel.nb.y+1) * UTF_SIZ;
 	ptr = str = xmalloc(bufsize);
 
 	/* append every set & selected glyph to the selection */
 	for (y = sel.nb.y; y <= sel.ne.y; y++) {
 		if ((linelen = tlinelen(y)) == 0) {
 			*ptr++ = '\n';
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) {
 			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.x];
 			lastx = sel.ne.x;
 		} else {
 			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
 			lastx = (sel.ne.y == y) ? sel.ne.x : term.col-1;
 		}
 		last = &term.line[y][MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
 		while (last >= gp && last->u == ' ')
 			--last;
 
 		for ( ; gp <= last; ++gp) {
 			if (gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
 				continue;
 
 			ptr += utf8encode(gp->u, ptr);
 		}
 
 		/*
 		 * Copy and pasting of line endings is inconsistent
 		 * in the inconsistent terminal and GUI world.
 		 * The best solution seems like to produce '\n' when
 		 * something is copied from st and convert '\n' to
 		 * '\r', when something to be pasted is received by
 		 * st.
 		 * FIXME: Fix the computer world.
 		 */
 		if ((y < sel.ne.y || lastx >= linelen) && !(last->mode & ATTR_WRAP))
 			*ptr++ = '\n';
 	}
 	*ptr = 0;
 	return str;
 }
 
 void
 selcopy(Time t)
 {
 	xsetsel(getsel(), t);
 }
 
 void
 propnotify(XEvent *e)
 {
 	XPropertyEvent *xpev;
 	Atom clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
 
 	xpev = &e->xproperty;
 	if (xpev->state == PropertyNewValue &&
 			(xpev->atom == XA_PRIMARY ||
 			 xpev->atom == clipboard)) {
 		selnotify(e);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 selnotify(XEvent *e)
 {
 	ulong nitems, ofs, rem;
 	int format;
 	uchar *data, *last, *repl;
 	Atom type, incratom, property;
 
 	incratom = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "INCR", 0);
 
 	ofs = 0;
 	if (e->type == SelectionNotify) {
 		property = e->xselection.property;
 	} else if(e->type == PropertyNotify) {
 		property = e->xproperty.atom;
 	} else {
 		return;
 	}
 	if (property == None)
 		return;
 
 	do {
 		if (XGetWindowProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, property, ofs,
 					BUFSIZ/4, False, AnyPropertyType,
 					&type, &format, &nitems, &rem,
 					&data)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Clipboard allocation failed\n");
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (e->type == PropertyNotify && nitems == 0 && rem == 0) {
 			/*
 			 * If there is some PropertyNotify with no data, then
 			 * this is the signal of the selection owner that all
 			 * data has been transferred. We won't need to receive
 			 * PropertyNotify events anymore.
 			 */
 			MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 0, PropertyChangeMask);
 			XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask,
 					&xw.attrs);
 		}
 
 		if (type == incratom) {
 			/*
 			 * Activate the PropertyNotify events so we receive
 			 * when the selection owner does send us the next
 			 * chunk of data.
 			 */
 			MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 1, PropertyChangeMask);
 			XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask,
 					&xw.attrs);
 
 			/*
 			 * Deleting the property is the transfer start signal.
 			 */
 			XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		/*
 		 * As seen in getsel:
 		 * Line endings are inconsistent in the terminal and GUI world
 		 * copy and pasting. When receiving some selection data,
 		 * replace all '\n' with '\r'.
 		 * FIXME: Fix the computer world.
 		 */
 		repl = data;
 		last = data + nitems * format / 8;
 		while ((repl = memchr(repl, '\n', last - repl))) {
 			*repl++ = '\r';
 		}
 
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && ofs == 0)
 			ttywrite("\033[200~", 6);
 		ttysend((char *)data, nitems * format / 8);
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && rem == 0)
 			ttywrite("\033[201~", 6);
 		XFree(data);
 		/* number of 32-bit chunks returned */
 		ofs += nitems * format / 32;
 	} while (rem > 0);
 
 	/*
 	 * Deleting the property again tells the selection owner to send the
 	 * next data chunk in the property.
 	 */
 	XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
 }
 
 void
 selpaste(const Arg *dummy)
 {
 	XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, sel.xtarget, XA_PRIMARY,
 			xw.win, CurrentTime);
 }
 
 void
 clipcopy(const Arg *dummy)
 {
 	Atom clipboard;
 
 	if (sel.clipboard != NULL)
 		free(sel.clipboard);
 
 	if (sel.primary != NULL) {
 		sel.clipboard = xstrdup(sel.primary);
 		clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
 		XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, clipboard, xw.win, CurrentTime);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 clippaste(const Arg *dummy)
 {
 	Atom clipboard;
 
 	clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
 	XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, clipboard, sel.xtarget, clipboard,
 			xw.win, CurrentTime);
 }
 
 void
 selclear(XEvent *e)
 {
 	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
 		return;
 	sel.mode = SEL_IDLE;
 	sel.ob.x = -1;
 	tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
 }
 
 void
 selrequest(XEvent *e)
 {
 	XSelectionRequestEvent *xsre;
 	XSelectionEvent xev;
 	Atom xa_targets, string, clipboard;
 	char *seltext;
 
 	xsre = (XSelectionRequestEvent *) e;
 	xev.type = SelectionNotify;
 	xev.requestor = xsre->requestor;
 	xev.selection = xsre->selection;
 	xev.target = xsre->target;
 	xev.time = xsre->time;
 	if (xsre->property == None)
 		xsre->property = xsre->target;
 
 	/* reject */
 	xev.property = None;
 
 	xa_targets = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "TARGETS", 0);
 	if (xsre->target == xa_targets) {
 		/* respond with the supported type */
 		string = sel.xtarget;
 		XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, xsre->property,
 				XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace,
 				(uchar *) &string, 1);
 		xev.property = xsre->property;
 	} else if (xsre->target == sel.xtarget || xsre->target == XA_STRING) {
 		/*
 		 * xith XA_STRING non ascii characters may be incorrect in the
 		 * requestor. It is not our problem, use utf8.
 		 */
 		clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
 		if (xsre->selection == XA_PRIMARY) {
 			seltext = sel.primary;
 		} else if (xsre->selection == clipboard) {
 			seltext = sel.clipboard;
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr,
 				"Unhandled clipboard selection 0x%lx\n",
 				xsre->selection);
 			return;
 		}
 		if (seltext != NULL) {
 			XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor,
 					xsre->property, xsre->target,
 					8, PropModeReplace,
 					(uchar *)seltext, strlen(seltext));
 			xev.property = xsre->property;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/* all done, send a notification to the listener */
 	if (!XSendEvent(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, 1, 0, (XEvent *) &xev))
 		fprintf(stderr, "Error sending SelectionNotify event\n");
 }
 
 void
 xsetsel(char *str, Time t)
 {
 	free(sel.primary);
 	sel.primary = str;
 
 	XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, t);
 	if (XGetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY) != xw.win)
 		selclear(0);
 }
 
 void
 brelease(XEvent *e)
 {
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forceselmod)) {
 		mousereport(e);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	if (e->xbutton.button == Button2) {
 		selpaste(NULL);
 	} else if (e->xbutton.button == Button1) {
 		if (sel.mode == SEL_READY) {
 			getbuttoninfo(e);
 			selcopy(e->xbutton.time);
 		} else
 			selclear(NULL);
 		sel.mode = SEL_IDLE;
 		tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 bmotion(XEvent *e)
 {
 	int oldey, oldex, oldsby, oldsey;
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forceselmod)) {
 		mousereport(e);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	if (!sel.mode)
 		return;
 
 	sel.mode = SEL_READY;
 	oldey = sel.oe.y;
 	oldex = sel.oe.x;
 	oldsby = sel.nb.y;
 	oldsey = sel.ne.y;
 	getbuttoninfo(e);
 
 	if (oldey != sel.oe.y || oldex != sel.oe.x)
 		tsetdirt(MIN(sel.nb.y, oldsby), MAX(sel.ne.y, oldsey));
 }
 
 void
 die(const char *errstr, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
 
 	va_start(ap, errstr);
 	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 	exit(1);
 }
 
 void
 execsh(void)
 {
 	char **args, *sh, *prog;
 	const struct passwd *pw;
 	char buf[sizeof(long) * 8 + 1];
 
 	errno = 0;
 	if ((pw = getpwuid(getuid())) == NULL) {
 		if (errno)
 			die("getpwuid:%s\n", strerror(errno));
 		else
 			die("who are you?\n");
 	}
 
 	if ((sh = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL)
 		sh = (pw->pw_shell[0]) ? pw->pw_shell : shell;
 
 	if (opt_cmd)
 		prog = opt_cmd[0];
 	else if (utmp)
 		prog = utmp;
 	else
 		prog = sh;
 	args = (opt_cmd) ? opt_cmd : (char *[]) {prog, NULL};
 
 	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", xw.win);
 
 	unsetenv("COLUMNS");
 	unsetenv("LINES");
 	unsetenv("TERMCAP");
 	setenv("LOGNAME", pw->pw_name, 1);
 	setenv("USER", pw->pw_name, 1);
 	setenv("SHELL", sh, 1);
 	setenv("HOME", pw->pw_dir, 1);
 	setenv("TERM", termname, 1);
 	setenv("WINDOWID", buf, 1);
 
 	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
 	signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
 	signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
 	signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
 	signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
 	signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
 
 	execvp(prog, args);
 	_exit(1);
 }
 
 void
 sigchld(int a)
 {
 	int stat;
 	pid_t p;
 
 	if ((p = waitpid(pid, &stat, WNOHANG)) < 0)
 		die("Waiting for pid %hd failed: %s\n", pid, strerror(errno));
 
 	if (pid != p)
 		return;
 
 	if (!WIFEXITED(stat) || WEXITSTATUS(stat))
 		die("child finished with error '%d'\n", stat);
 	exit(0);
 }
 
 
 void
 stty(void)
 {
 	char cmd[_POSIX_ARG_MAX], **p, *q, *s;
 	size_t n, siz;
 
 	if ((n = strlen(stty_args)) > sizeof(cmd)-1)
 		die("incorrect stty parameters\n");
 	memcpy(cmd, stty_args, n);
 	q = cmd + n;
 	siz = sizeof(cmd) - n;
 	for (p = opt_cmd; p && (s = *p); ++p) {
 		if ((n = strlen(s)) > siz-1)
 			die("stty parameter length too long\n");
 		*q++ = ' ';
 		memcpy(q, s, n);
 		q += n;
 		siz -= n + 1;
 	}
 	*q = '\0';
 	if (system(cmd) != 0)
 	    perror("Couldn't call stty");
 }
 
 void
 ttynew(void)
 {
 	int m, s;
 	struct winsize w = {term.row, term.col, 0, 0};
 
 	if (opt_io) {
 		term.mode |= MODE_PRINT;
 		iofd = (!strcmp(opt_io, "-")) ?
 			  1 : open(opt_io, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
 		if (iofd < 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Error opening %s:%s\n",
 				opt_io, strerror(errno));
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (opt_line) {
 		if ((cmdfd = open(opt_line, O_RDWR)) < 0)
 			die("open line failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 		dup2(cmdfd, 0);
 		stty();
 		return;
 	}
 
 	/* seems to work fine on linux, openbsd and freebsd */
 	if (openpty(&m, &s, NULL, NULL, &w) < 0)
 		die("openpty failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 
 	switch (pid = fork()) {
 	case -1:
 		die("fork failed\n");
 		break;
 	case 0:
 		close(iofd);
 		setsid(); /* create a new process group */
 		dup2(s, 0);
 		dup2(s, 1);
 		dup2(s, 2);
 		if (ioctl(s, TIOCSCTTY, NULL) < 0)
 			die("ioctl TIOCSCTTY failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 		close(s);
 		close(m);
 		execsh();
 		break;
 	default:
 		close(s);
 		cmdfd = m;
 		signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
 		break;
 	}
 }
 
 size_t
 ttyread(void)
 {
 	static char buf[BUFSIZ];
 	static int buflen = 0;
 	char *ptr;
 	int charsize; /* size of utf8 char in bytes */
 	Rune unicodep;
 	int ret;
 
 	/* append read bytes to unprocessed bytes */
 	if ((ret = read(cmdfd, buf+buflen, LEN(buf)-buflen)) < 0)
 		die("Couldn't read from shell: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 
 	buflen += ret;
 	ptr = buf;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_UTF8) && !IS_SET(MODE_SIXEL)) {
 			/* process a complete utf8 char */
 			charsize = utf8decode(ptr, &unicodep, buflen);
 			if (charsize == 0)
 				break;
 			tputc(unicodep);
 			ptr += charsize;
 			buflen -= charsize;
 
 		} else {
 			if (buflen <= 0)
 				break;
 			tputc(*ptr++ & 0xFF);
 			buflen--;
 		}
 	}
 	/* keep any uncomplete utf8 char for the next call */
 	if (buflen > 0)
 		memmove(buf, ptr, buflen);
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
 void
 ttywrite(const char *s, size_t n)
 {
 	fd_set wfd, rfd;
 	ssize_t r;
 	size_t lim = 256;
 
 	/*
 	 * Remember that we are using a pty, which might be a modem line.
 	 * Writing too much will clog the line. That's why we are doing this
 	 * dance.
 	 * FIXME: Migrate the world to Plan 9.
 	 */
 	while (n > 0) {
 		FD_ZERO(&wfd);
 		FD_ZERO(&rfd);
 		FD_SET(cmdfd, &wfd);
 		FD_SET(cmdfd, &rfd);
 
 		/* Check if we can write. */
 		if (pselect(cmdfd+1, &rfd, &wfd, NULL, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
 			if (errno == EINTR)
 				continue;
 			die("select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 		}
 		if (FD_ISSET(cmdfd, &wfd)) {
 			/*
 			 * Only write the bytes written by ttywrite() or the
 			 * default of 256. This seems to be a reasonable value
 			 * for a serial line. Bigger values might clog the I/O.
 			 */
 			if ((r = write(cmdfd, s, (n < lim)? n : lim)) < 0)
 				goto write_error;
 			if (r < n) {
 				/*
 				 * We weren't able to write out everything.
 				 * This means the buffer is getting full
 				 * again. Empty it.
 				 */
 				if (n < lim)
 					lim = ttyread();
 				n -= r;
 				s += r;
 			} else {
 				/* All bytes have been written. */
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 		if (FD_ISSET(cmdfd, &rfd))
 			lim = ttyread();
 	}
 	return;
 
 write_error:
 	die("write error on tty: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 }
 
 void
 ttysend(char *s, size_t n)
 {
 	int len;
 	char *t, *lim;
 	Rune u;
 
 	ttywrite(s, n);
 	if (!IS_SET(MODE_ECHO))
 		return;
 
 	lim = &s[n];
 	for (t = s; t < lim; t += len) {
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_UTF8) && !IS_SET(MODE_SIXEL)) {
 			len = utf8decode(t, &u, n);
 		} else {
 			u = *t & 0xFF;
 			len = 1;
 		}
 		if (len <= 0)
 			break;
 		techo(u);
 		n -= len;
 	}
 }
 
 void
 ttyresize(void)
 {
 	struct winsize w;
 
 	w.ws_row = term.row;
 	w.ws_col = term.col;
 	w.ws_xpixel = xw.tw;
 	w.ws_ypixel = xw.th;
 	if (ioctl(cmdfd, TIOCSWINSZ, &w) < 0)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't set window size: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 }
 
 int
 tattrset(int attr)
 {
 	int i, j;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < term.row-1; i++) {
 		for (j = 0; j < term.col-1; j++) {
 			if (term.line[i][j].mode & attr)
 				return 1;
 		}
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 void
 tsetdirt(int top, int bot)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	LIMIT(top, 0, term.row-1);
 	LIMIT(bot, 0, term.row-1);
 
 	for (i = top; i <= bot; i++)
 		term.dirty[i] = 1;
 }
 
 void
 tsetdirtattr(int attr)
 {
 	int i, j;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < term.row-1; i++) {
 		for (j = 0; j < term.col-1; j++) {
 			if (term.line[i][j].mode & attr) {
 				tsetdirt(i, i);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tfulldirt(void)
 {
 	tsetdirt(0, term.row-1);
 }
 
 void
 tcursor(int mode)
 {
 	static TCursor c[2];
 	int alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
 
 	if (mode == CURSOR_SAVE) {
 		c[alt] = term.c;
 	} else if (mode == CURSOR_LOAD) {
 		term.c = c[alt];
 		tmoveto(c[alt].x, c[alt].y);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 treset(void)
 {
 	uint i;
 
 	term.c = (TCursor){{
 		.mode = ATTR_NULL,
 		.fg = defaultfg,
 		.bg = defaultbg
 	}, .x = 0, .y = 0, .state = CURSOR_DEFAULT};
 
 	memset(term.tabs, 0, term.col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
 	for (i = tabspaces; i < term.col; i += tabspaces)
 		term.tabs[i] = 1;
 	term.top = 0;
 	term.bot = term.row - 1;
 	term.mode = MODE_WRAP|MODE_UTF8;
 	memset(term.trantbl, CS_USA, sizeof(term.trantbl));
 	term.charset = 0;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
 		tmoveto(0, 0);
 		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
 		tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
 		tswapscreen();
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tnew(int col, int row)
 {
 	term = (Term){ .c = { .attr = { .fg = defaultfg, .bg = defaultbg } } };
 	tresize(col, row);
 	term.numlock = 1;
 
 	treset();
 }
 
 void
 tswapscreen(void)
 {
 	Line *tmp = term.line;
 
 	term.line = term.alt;
 	term.alt = tmp;
 	term.mode ^= MODE_ALTSCREEN;
 	tfulldirt();
 }
 
 void
 tscrolldown(int orig, int n)
 {
 	int i;
 	Line temp;
 
 	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
 
 	tsetdirt(orig, term.bot-n);
 	tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.col-1, term.bot);
 
 	for (i = term.bot; i >= orig+n; i--) {
 		temp = term.line[i];
 		term.line[i] = term.line[i-n];
 		term.line[i-n] = temp;
 	}
 
 	selscroll(orig, n);
 }
 
 void
 tscrollup(int orig, int n)
 {
 	int i;
 	Line temp;
 
 	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
 
 	tclearregion(0, orig, term.col-1, orig+n-1);
 	tsetdirt(orig+n, term.bot);
 
 	for (i = orig; i <= term.bot-n; i++) {
 		temp = term.line[i];
 		term.line[i] = term.line[i+n];
 		term.line[i+n] = temp;
 	}
 
 	selscroll(orig, -n);
 }
 
 void
 selscroll(int orig, int n)
 {
 	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
 		return;
 
 	if (BETWEEN(sel.ob.y, orig, term.bot) || BETWEEN(sel.oe.y, orig, term.bot)) {
 		if ((sel.ob.y += n) > term.bot || (sel.oe.y += n) < term.top) {
 			selclear(NULL);
 			return;
 		}
 		if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) {
 			if (sel.ob.y < term.top)
 				sel.ob.y = term.top;
 			if (sel.oe.y > term.bot)
 				sel.oe.y = term.bot;
 		} else {
 			if (sel.ob.y < term.top) {
 				sel.ob.y = term.top;
 				sel.ob.x = 0;
 			}
 			if (sel.oe.y > term.bot) {
 				sel.oe.y = term.bot;
 				sel.oe.x = term.col;
 			}
 		}
 		selnormalize();
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tnewline(int first_col)
 {
 	int y = term.c.y;
 
 	if (y == term.bot) {
 		tscrollup(term.top, 1);
 	} else {
 		y++;
 	}
 	tmoveto(first_col ? 0 : term.c.x, y);
 }
 
 void
 csiparse(void)
 {
 	char *p = csiescseq.buf, *np;
 	long int v;
 
 	csiescseq.narg = 0;
 	if (*p == '?') {
 		csiescseq.priv = 1;
 		p++;
 	}
 
 	csiescseq.buf[csiescseq.len] = '\0';
 	while (p < csiescseq.buf+csiescseq.len) {
 		np = NULL;
 		v = strtol(p, &np, 10);
 		if (np == p)
 			v = 0;
 		if (v == LONG_MAX || v == LONG_MIN)
 			v = -1;
 		csiescseq.arg[csiescseq.narg++] = v;
 		p = np;
 		if (*p != ';' || csiescseq.narg == ESC_ARG_SIZ)
 			break;
 		p++;
 	}
 	csiescseq.mode[0] = *p++;
 	csiescseq.mode[1] = (p < csiescseq.buf+csiescseq.len) ? *p : '\0';
 }
 
 /* for absolute user moves, when decom is set */
 void
 tmoveato(int x, int y)
 {
 	tmoveto(x, y + ((term.c.state & CURSOR_ORIGIN) ? term.top: 0));
 }
 
 void
 tmoveto(int x, int y)
 {
 	int miny, maxy;
 
 	if (term.c.state & CURSOR_ORIGIN) {
 		miny = term.top;
 		maxy = term.bot;
 	} else {
 		miny = 0;
 		maxy = term.row - 1;
 	}
 	term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
 	term.c.x = LIMIT(x, 0, term.col-1);
 	term.c.y = LIMIT(y, miny, maxy);
 }
 
 void
 tsetchar(Rune u, Glyph *attr, int x, int y)
 {
 	static char *vt100_0[62] = { /* 0x41 - 0x7e */
 		"↑", "↓", "→", "←", "█", "▚", "☃", /* A - G */
 		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* H - O */
 		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* P - W */
 		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, " ", /* X - _ */
 		"◆", "▒", "␉", "␌", "␍", "␊", "°", "±", /* ` - g */
 		"␤", "␋", "┘", "┐", "┌", "└", "┼", "⎺", /* h - o */
 		"⎻", "─", "⎼", "⎽", "├", "┤", "┴", "┬", /* p - w */
 		"│", "≤", "≥", "π", "≠", "£", "·", /* x - ~ */
 	};
 
 	/*
 	 * The table is proudly stolen from rxvt.
 	 */
 	if (term.trantbl[term.charset] == CS_GRAPHIC0 &&
 	   BETWEEN(u, 0x41, 0x7e) && vt100_0[u - 0x41])
 		utf8decode(vt100_0[u - 0x41], &u, UTF_SIZ);
 
 	if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WIDE) {
 		if (x+1 < term.col) {
 			term.line[y][x+1].u = ' ';
 			term.line[y][x+1].mode &= ~ATTR_WDUMMY;
 		}
 	} else if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
 		term.line[y][x-1].u = ' ';
 		term.line[y][x-1].mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
 	}
 
 	term.dirty[y] = 1;
 	term.line[y][x] = *attr;
 	term.line[y][x].u = u;
 }
 
 void
 tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
 {
 	int x, y, temp;
 	Glyph *gp;
 
 	if (x1 > x2)
 		temp = x1, x1 = x2, x2 = temp;
 	if (y1 > y2)
 		temp = y1, y1 = y2, y2 = temp;
 
 	LIMIT(x1, 0, term.col-1);
 	LIMIT(x2, 0, term.col-1);
 	LIMIT(y1, 0, term.row-1);
 	LIMIT(y2, 0, term.row-1);
 
 	for (y = y1; y <= y2; y++) {
 		term.dirty[y] = 1;
 		for (x = x1; x <= x2; x++) {
 			gp = &term.line[y][x];
 			if (selected(x, y))
 				selclear(NULL);
 			gp->fg = term.c.attr.fg;
 			gp->bg = term.c.attr.bg;
 			gp->mode = 0;
 			gp->u = ' ';
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tdeletechar(int n)
 {
 	int dst, src, size;
 	Glyph *line;
 
 	LIMIT(n, 0, term.col - term.c.x);
 
 	dst = term.c.x;
 	src = term.c.x + n;
 	size = term.col - src;
 	line = term.line[term.c.y];
 
 	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
 	tclearregion(term.col-n, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
 }
 
 void
 tinsertblank(int n)
 {
 	int dst, src, size;
 	Glyph *line;
 
 	LIMIT(n, 0, term.col - term.c.x);
 
 	dst = term.c.x + n;
 	src = term.c.x;
 	size = term.col - dst;
 	line = term.line[term.c.y];
 
 	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
 	tclearregion(src, term.c.y, dst - 1, term.c.y);
 }
 
 void
 tinsertblankline(int n)
 {
 	if (BETWEEN(term.c.y, term.top, term.bot))
 		tscrolldown(term.c.y, n);
 }
 
 void
 tdeleteline(int n)
 {
 	if (BETWEEN(term.c.y, term.top, term.bot))
 		tscrollup(term.c.y, n);
 }
 
 int32_t
 tdefcolor(int *attr, int *npar, int l)
 {
 	int32_t idx = -1;
 	uint r, g, b;
 
 	switch (attr[*npar + 1]) {
 	case 2: /* direct color in RGB space */
 		if (*npar + 4 >= l) {
 			fprintf(stderr,
 				"erresc(38): Incorrect number of parameters (%d)\n",
 				*npar);
 			break;
 		}
 		r = attr[*npar + 2];
 		g = attr[*npar + 3];
 		b = attr[*npar + 4];
 		*npar += 4;
 		if (!BETWEEN(r, 0, 255) || !BETWEEN(g, 0, 255) || !BETWEEN(b, 0, 255))
 			fprintf(stderr, "erresc: bad rgb color (%u,%u,%u)\n",
 				r, g, b);
 		else
 			idx = TRUECOLOR(r, g, b);
 		break;
 	case 5: /* indexed color */
 		if (*npar + 2 >= l) {
 			fprintf(stderr,
 				"erresc(38): Incorrect number of parameters (%d)\n",
 				*npar);
 			break;
 		}
 		*npar += 2;
 		if (!BETWEEN(attr[*npar], 0, 255))
 			fprintf(stderr, "erresc: bad fgcolor %d\n", attr[*npar]);
 		else
 			idx = attr[*npar];
 		break;
 	case 0: /* implemented defined (only foreground) */
 	case 1: /* transparent */
 	case 3: /* direct color in CMY space */
 	case 4: /* direct color in CMYK space */
 	default:
 		fprintf(stderr,
 		        "erresc(38): gfx attr %d unknown\n", attr[*npar]);
 		break;
 	}
 
 	return idx;
 }
 
 void
 tsetattr(int *attr, int l)
 {
 	int i;
 	int32_t idx;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
 		switch (attr[i]) {
 		case 0:
 			term.c.attr.mode &= ~(
 				ATTR_BOLD       |
 				ATTR_FAINT      |
 				ATTR_ITALIC     |
 				ATTR_UNDERLINE  |
 				ATTR_BLINK      |
 				ATTR_REVERSE    |
 				ATTR_INVISIBLE  |
 				ATTR_STRUCK     );
 			term.c.attr.fg = defaultfg;
 			term.c.attr.bg = defaultbg;
 			break;
 		case 1:
 			term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_BOLD;
 			break;
 		case 2:
 			term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_FAINT;
 			break;
 		case 3:
 			term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_ITALIC;
 			break;
 		case 4:
 			term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_UNDERLINE;
 			break;
 		case 5: /* slow blink */
 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
 		case 6: /* rapid blink */
 			term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_BLINK;
 			break;
 		case 7:
 			term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE;
 			break;
 		case 8:
 			term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_INVISIBLE;
 			break;
 		case 9:
 			term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_STRUCK;
 			break;
 		case 22:
 			term.c.attr.mode &= ~(ATTR_BOLD | ATTR_FAINT);
 			break;
 		case 23:
 			term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_ITALIC;
 			break;
 		case 24:
 			term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_UNDERLINE;
 			break;
 		case 25:
 			term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_BLINK;
 			break;
 		case 27:
 			term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_REVERSE;
 			break;
 		case 28:
 			term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_INVISIBLE;
 			break;
 		case 29:
 			term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_STRUCK;
 			break;
 		case 38:
 			if ((idx = tdefcolor(attr, &i, l)) >= 0)
 				term.c.attr.fg = idx;
 			break;
 		case 39:
 			term.c.attr.fg = defaultfg;
 			break;
 		case 48:
 			if ((idx = tdefcolor(attr, &i, l)) >= 0)
 				term.c.attr.bg = idx;
 			break;
 		case 49:
 			term.c.attr.bg = defaultbg;
 			break;
 		default:
 			if (BETWEEN(attr[i], 30, 37)) {
 				term.c.attr.fg = attr[i] - 30;
 			} else if (BETWEEN(attr[i], 40, 47)) {
 				term.c.attr.bg = attr[i] - 40;
 			} else if (BETWEEN(attr[i], 90, 97)) {
 				term.c.attr.fg = attr[i] - 90 + 8;
 			} else if (BETWEEN(attr[i], 100, 107)) {
 				term.c.attr.bg = attr[i] - 100 + 8;
 			} else {
 				fprintf(stderr,
 					"erresc(default): gfx attr %d unknown\n",
 					attr[i]), csidump();
 			}
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tsetscroll(int t, int b)
 {
 	int temp;
 
 	LIMIT(t, 0, term.row-1);
 	LIMIT(b, 0, term.row-1);
 	if (t > b) {
 		temp = t;
 		t = b;
 		b = temp;
 	}
 	term.top = t;
 	term.bot = b;
 }
 
 void
 tsetmode(int priv, int set, int *args, int narg)
 {
 	int *lim, mode;
 	int alt;
 
 	for (lim = args + narg; args < lim; ++args) {
 		if (priv) {
 			switch (*args) {
 			case 1: /* DECCKM -- Cursor key */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_APPCURSOR);
 				break;
 			case 5: /* DECSCNM -- Reverse video */
 				mode = term.mode;
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_REVERSE);
 				if (mode != term.mode)
 					redraw();
 				break;
 			case 6: /* DECOM -- Origin */
 				MODBIT(term.c.state, set, CURSOR_ORIGIN);
 				tmoveato(0, 0);
 				break;
 			case 7: /* DECAWM -- Auto wrap */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_WRAP);
 				break;
 			case 0:  /* Error (IGNORED) */
 			case 2:  /* DECANM -- ANSI/VT52 (IGNORED) */
 			case 3:  /* DECCOLM -- Column  (IGNORED) */
 			case 4:  /* DECSCLM -- Scroll (IGNORED) */
 			case 8:  /* DECARM -- Auto repeat (IGNORED) */
 			case 18: /* DECPFF -- Printer feed (IGNORED) */
 			case 19: /* DECPEX -- Printer extent (IGNORED) */
 			case 42: /* DECNRCM -- National characters (IGNORED) */
 			case 12: /* att610 -- Start blinking cursor (IGNORED) */
 				break;
 			case 25: /* DECTCEM -- Text Cursor Enable Mode */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, !set, MODE_HIDE);
 				break;
 			case 9:    /* X10 mouse compatibility mode */
 				xsetpointermotion(0);
 				MODBIT(term.mode, 0, MODE_MOUSE);
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_MOUSEX10);
 				break;
 			case 1000: /* 1000: report button press */
 				xsetpointermotion(0);
 				MODBIT(term.mode, 0, MODE_MOUSE);
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_MOUSEBTN);
 				break;
 			case 1002: /* 1002: report motion on button press */
 				xsetpointermotion(0);
 				MODBIT(term.mode, 0, MODE_MOUSE);
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_MOUSEMOTION);
 				break;
 			case 1003: /* 1003: enable all mouse motions */
 				xsetpointermotion(set);
 				MODBIT(term.mode, 0, MODE_MOUSE);
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_MOUSEMANY);
 				break;
 			case 1004: /* 1004: send focus events to tty */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_FOCUS);
 				break;
 			case 1006: /* 1006: extended reporting mode */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_MOUSESGR);
 				break;
 			case 1034:
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_8BIT);
 				break;
 			case 1049: /* swap screen & set/restore cursor as xterm */
 				if (!allowaltscreen)
 					break;
 				tcursor((set) ? CURSOR_SAVE : CURSOR_LOAD);
 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
 			case 47: /* swap screen */
 			case 1047:
 				if (!allowaltscreen)
 					break;
 				alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
 				if (alt) {
 					tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1,
 							term.row-1);
 				}
 				if (set ^ alt) /* set is always 1 or 0 */
 					tswapscreen();
 				if (*args != 1049)
 					break;
 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
 			case 1048:
 				tcursor((set) ? CURSOR_SAVE : CURSOR_LOAD);
 				break;
 			case 2004: /* 2004: bracketed paste mode */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_BRCKTPASTE);
 				break;
 			/* Not implemented mouse modes. See comments there. */
 			case 1001: /* mouse highlight mode; can hang the
 				      terminal by design when implemented. */
 			case 1005: /* UTF-8 mouse mode; will confuse
 				      applications not supporting UTF-8
 				      and luit. */
 			case 1015: /* urxvt mangled mouse mode; incompatible
 				      and can be mistaken for other control
 				      codes. */
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr,
 					"erresc: unknown private set/reset mode %d\n",
 					*args);
 				break;
 			}
 		} else {
 			switch (*args) {
 			case 0:  /* Error (IGNORED) */
 				break;
 			case 2:  /* KAM -- keyboard action */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_KBDLOCK);
 				break;
 			case 4:  /* IRM -- Insertion-replacement */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_INSERT);
 				break;
 			case 12: /* SRM -- Send/Receive */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, !set, MODE_ECHO);
 				break;
 			case 20: /* LNM -- Linefeed/new line */
 				MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_CRLF);
 				break;
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr,
 					"erresc: unknown set/reset mode %d\n",
 					*args);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 void
 csihandle(void)
 {
 	char buf[40];
 	int len;
 
 	switch (csiescseq.mode[0]) {
 	default:
 	unknown:
 		fprintf(stderr, "erresc: unknown csi ");
 		csidump();
 		/* die(""); */
 		break;
 	case '@': /* ICH -- Insert <n> blank char */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tinsertblank(csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'A': /* CUU -- Cursor <n> Up */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y-csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'B': /* CUD -- Cursor <n> Down */
 	case 'e': /* VPR --Cursor <n> Down */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y+csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'i': /* MC -- Media Copy */
 		switch (csiescseq.arg[0]) {
 		case 0:
 			tdump();
 			break;
 		case 1:
 			tdumpline(term.c.y);
 			break;
 		case 2:
 			tdumpsel();
 			break;
 		case 4:
 			term.mode &= ~MODE_PRINT;
 			break;
 		case 5:
 			term.mode |= MODE_PRINT;
 			break;
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'c': /* DA -- Device Attributes */
 		if (csiescseq.arg[0] == 0)
 			ttywrite(vtiden, sizeof(vtiden) - 1);
 		break;
 	case 'C': /* CUF -- Cursor <n> Forward */
 	case 'a': /* HPR -- Cursor <n> Forward */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tmoveto(term.c.x+csiescseq.arg[0], term.c.y);
 		break;
 	case 'D': /* CUB -- Cursor <n> Backward */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tmoveto(term.c.x-csiescseq.arg[0], term.c.y);
 		break;
 	case 'E': /* CNL -- Cursor <n> Down and first col */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tmoveto(0, term.c.y+csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'F': /* CPL -- Cursor <n> Up and first col */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tmoveto(0, term.c.y-csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'g': /* TBC -- Tabulation clear */
 		switch (csiescseq.arg[0]) {
 		case 0: /* clear current tab stop */
 			term.tabs[term.c.x] = 0;
 			break;
 		case 3: /* clear all the tabs */
 			memset(term.tabs, 0, term.col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
 			break;
 		default:
 			goto unknown;
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'G': /* CHA -- Move to <col> */
 	case '`': /* HPA */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tmoveto(csiescseq.arg[0]-1, term.c.y);
 		break;
 	case 'H': /* CUP -- Move to <row> <col> */
 	case 'f': /* HVP */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[1], 1);
 		tmoveato(csiescseq.arg[1]-1, csiescseq.arg[0]-1);
 		break;
 	case 'I': /* CHT -- Cursor Forward Tabulation <n> tab stops */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tputtab(csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'J': /* ED -- Clear screen */
 		selclear(NULL);
 		switch (csiescseq.arg[0]) {
 		case 0: /* below */
 			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
 			if (term.c.y < term.row-1) {
 				tclearregion(0, term.c.y+1, term.col-1,
 						term.row-1);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 1: /* above */
 			if (term.c.y > 1)
 				tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.c.y-1);
 			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y);
 			break;
 		case 2: /* all */
 			tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
 			break;
 		default:
 			goto unknown;
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'K': /* EL -- Clear line */
 		switch (csiescseq.arg[0]) {
 		case 0: /* right */
 			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1,
 					term.c.y);
 			break;
 		case 1: /* left */
 			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y);
 			break;
 		case 2: /* all */
 			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
 			break;
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'S': /* SU -- Scroll <n> line up */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tscrollup(term.top, csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'T': /* SD -- Scroll <n> line down */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tscrolldown(term.top, csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'L': /* IL -- Insert <n> blank lines */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tinsertblankline(csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'l': /* RM -- Reset Mode */
 		tsetmode(csiescseq.priv, 0, csiescseq.arg, csiescseq.narg);
 		break;
 	case 'M': /* DL -- Delete <n> lines */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tdeleteline(csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'X': /* ECH -- Erase <n> char */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y,
 				term.c.x + csiescseq.arg[0] - 1, term.c.y);
 		break;
 	case 'P': /* DCH -- Delete <n> char */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tdeletechar(csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'Z': /* CBT -- Cursor Backward Tabulation <n> tab stops */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tputtab(-csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'd': /* VPA -- Move to <row> */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 		tmoveato(term.c.x, csiescseq.arg[0]-1);
 		break;
 	case 'h': /* SM -- Set terminal mode */
 		tsetmode(csiescseq.priv, 1, csiescseq.arg, csiescseq.narg);
 		break;
 	case 'm': /* SGR -- Terminal attribute (color) */
 		tsetattr(csiescseq.arg, csiescseq.narg);
 		break;
 	case 'n': /* DSR – Device Status Report (cursor position) */
 		if (csiescseq.arg[0] == 6) {
 			len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"\033[%i;%iR",
 					term.c.y+1, term.c.x+1);
 			ttywrite(buf, len);
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'r': /* DECSTBM -- Set Scrolling Region */
 		if (csiescseq.priv) {
 			goto unknown;
 		} else {
 			DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 			DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[1], term.row);
 			tsetscroll(csiescseq.arg[0]-1, csiescseq.arg[1]-1);
 			tmoveato(0, 0);
 		}
 		break;
 	case 's': /* DECSC -- Save cursor position (ANSI.SYS) */
 		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
 		break;
 	case 'u': /* DECRC -- Restore cursor position (ANSI.SYS) */
 		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
 		break;
 	case ' ':
 		switch (csiescseq.mode[1]) {
 		case 'q': /* DECSCUSR -- Set Cursor Style */
 			DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
 			if (!BETWEEN(csiescseq.arg[0], 0, 6)) {
 				goto unknown;
 			}
 			xw.cursor = csiescseq.arg[0];
 			break;
 		default:
 			goto unknown;
 		}
 		break;
 	}
 }
 
 void
 csidump(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	uint c;
 
 	fprintf(stderr, "ESC[");
 	for (i = 0; i < csiescseq.len; i++) {
 		c = csiescseq.buf[i] & 0xff;
 		if (isprint(c)) {
 			putc(c, stderr);
 		} else if (c == '\n') {
 			fprintf(stderr, "(\\n)");
 		} else if (c == '\r') {
 			fprintf(stderr, "(\\r)");
 		} else if (c == 0x1b) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "(\\e)");
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr, "(%02x)", c);
 		}
 	}
 	putc('\n', stderr);
 }
 
 void
 csireset(void)
 {
 	memset(&csiescseq, 0, sizeof(csiescseq));
 }
 
 void
 strhandle(void)
 {
 	char *p = NULL;
 	int j, narg, par;
 
 	term.esc &= ~(ESC_STR_END|ESC_STR);
 	strparse();
 	par = (narg = strescseq.narg) ? atoi(strescseq.args[0]) : 0;
 
 	switch (strescseq.type) {
 	case ']': /* OSC -- Operating System Command */
 		switch (par) {
 		case 0:
 		case 1:
 		case 2:
 			if (narg > 1)
 				xsettitle(strescseq.args[1]);
 			return;
 		case 4: /* color set */
 			if (narg < 3)
 				break;
 			p = strescseq.args[2];
 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
 		case 104: /* color reset, here p = NULL */
 			j = (narg > 1) ? atoi(strescseq.args[1]) : -1;
 			if (xsetcolorname(j, p)) {
 				fprintf(stderr, "erresc: invalid color %s\n", p);
 			} else {
 				/*
 				 * TODO if defaultbg color is changed, borders
 				 * are dirty
 				 */
 				redraw();
 			}
 			return;
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'k': /* old title set compatibility */
 		xsettitle(strescseq.args[0]);
 		return;
 	case 'P': /* DCS -- Device Control String */
 		term.mode |= ESC_DCS;
 	case '_': /* APC -- Application Program Command */
 	case '^': /* PM -- Privacy Message */
 		return;
 	}
 
 	fprintf(stderr, "erresc: unknown str ");
 	strdump();
 }
 
 void
 strparse(void)
 {
 	int c;
 	char *p = strescseq.buf;
 
 	strescseq.narg = 0;
 	strescseq.buf[strescseq.len] = '\0';
 
 	if (*p == '\0')
 		return;
 
 	while (strescseq.narg < STR_ARG_SIZ) {
 		strescseq.args[strescseq.narg++] = p;
 		while ((c = *p) != ';' && c != '\0')
 			++p;
 		if (c == '\0')
 			return;
 		*p++ = '\0';
 	}
 }
 
 void
 strdump(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	uint c;
 
 	fprintf(stderr, "ESC%c", strescseq.type);
 	for (i = 0; i < strescseq.len; i++) {
 		c = strescseq.buf[i] & 0xff;
 		if (c == '\0') {
 			putc('\n', stderr);
 			return;
 		} else if (isprint(c)) {
 			putc(c, stderr);
 		} else if (c == '\n') {
 			fprintf(stderr, "(\\n)");
 		} else if (c == '\r') {
 			fprintf(stderr, "(\\r)");
 		} else if (c == 0x1b) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "(\\e)");
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr, "(%02x)", c);
 		}
 	}
 	fprintf(stderr, "ESC\\\n");
 }
 
 void
 strreset(void)
 {
 	memset(&strescseq, 0, sizeof(strescseq));
 }
 
 void
 sendbreak(const Arg *arg)
 {
 	if (tcsendbreak(cmdfd, 0))
 		perror("Error sending break");
 }
 
 void
 tprinter(char *s, size_t len)
 {
 	if (iofd != -1 && xwrite(iofd, s, len) < 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Error writing in %s:%s\n",
 			opt_io, strerror(errno));
 		close(iofd);
 		iofd = -1;
 	}
 }
 
 void
 iso14755(const Arg *arg)
 {
 	char cmd[sizeof(ISO14755CMD) + NUMMAXLEN(xw.win)];
 	FILE *p;
 	char *us, *e, codepoint[9], uc[UTF_SIZ];
 	unsigned long utf32;
 
 	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), ISO14755CMD, xw.win);
 	if (!(p = popen(cmd, "r")))
 		return;
 
 	us = fgets(codepoint, sizeof(codepoint), p);
 	pclose(p);
 
 	if (!us || *us == '\0' || *us == '-' || strlen(us) > 7)
 		return;
 	if ((utf32 = strtoul(us, &e, 16)) == ULONG_MAX ||
 	    (*e != '\n' && *e != '\0'))
 		return;
 
 	ttysend(uc, utf8encode(utf32, uc));
 }
 
 void
 toggleprinter(const Arg *arg)
 {
 	term.mode ^= MODE_PRINT;
 }
 
 void
 printscreen(const Arg *arg)
 {
 	tdump();
 }
 
 void
 printsel(const Arg *arg)
 {
 	tdumpsel();
 }
 
 void
 tdumpsel(void)
 {
 	char *ptr;
 
 	if ((ptr = getsel())) {
 		tprinter(ptr, strlen(ptr));
 		free(ptr);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tdumpline(int n)
 {
 	char buf[UTF_SIZ];
 	Glyph *bp, *end;
 
 	bp = &term.line[n][0];
 	end = &bp[MIN(tlinelen(n), term.col) - 1];
 	if (bp != end || bp->u != ' ') {
 		for ( ;bp <= end; ++bp)
 			tprinter(buf, utf8encode(bp->u, buf));
 	}
 	tprinter("\n", 1);
 }
 
 void
 tdump(void)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < term.row; ++i)
 		tdumpline(i);
 }
 
 void
 tputtab(int n)
 {
 	uint x = term.c.x;
 
 	if (n > 0) {
 		while (x < term.col && n--)
 			for (++x; x < term.col && !term.tabs[x]; ++x)
 				/* nothing */ ;
 	} else if (n < 0) {
 		while (x > 0 && n++)
 			for (--x; x > 0 && !term.tabs[x]; --x)
 				/* nothing */ ;
 	}
 	term.c.x = LIMIT(x, 0, term.col-1);
 }
 
 void
 techo(Rune u)
 {
 	if (ISCONTROL(u)) { /* control code */
 		if (u & 0x80) {
 			u &= 0x7f;
 			tputc('^');
 			tputc('[');
 		} else if (u != '\n' && u != '\r' && u != '\t') {
 			u ^= 0x40;
 			tputc('^');
 		}
 	}
 	tputc(u);
 }
 
 void
 tdefutf8(char ascii)
 {
 	if (ascii == 'G')
 		term.mode |= MODE_UTF8;
 	else if (ascii == '@')
 		term.mode &= ~MODE_UTF8;
 }
 
 void
 tdeftran(char ascii)
 {
 	static char cs[] = "0B";
 	static int vcs[] = {CS_GRAPHIC0, CS_USA};
 	char *p;
 
 	if ((p = strchr(cs, ascii)) == NULL) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "esc unhandled charset: ESC ( %c\n", ascii);
 	} else {
 		term.trantbl[term.icharset] = vcs[p - cs];
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tdectest(char c)
 {
 	int x, y;
 
 	if (c == '8') { /* DEC screen alignment test. */
 		for (x = 0; x < term.col; ++x) {
 			for (y = 0; y < term.row; ++y)
 				tsetchar('E', &term.c.attr, x, y);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tstrsequence(uchar c)
 {
 	strreset();
 
 	switch (c) {
 	case 0x90:   /* DCS -- Device Control String */
 		c = 'P';
 		term.esc |= ESC_DCS;
 		break;
 	case 0x9f:   /* APC -- Application Program Command */
 		c = '_';
 		break;
 	case 0x9e:   /* PM -- Privacy Message */
 		c = '^';
 		break;
 	case 0x9d:   /* OSC -- Operating System Command */
 		c = ']';
 		break;
 	}
 	strescseq.type = c;
 	term.esc |= ESC_STR;
 }
 
 void
 tcontrolcode(uchar ascii)
 {
 	switch (ascii) {
 	case '\t':   /* HT */
 		tputtab(1);
 		return;
 	case '\b':   /* BS */
 		tmoveto(term.c.x-1, term.c.y);
 		return;
 	case '\r':   /* CR */
 		tmoveto(0, term.c.y);
 		return;
 	case '\f':   /* LF */
 	case '\v':   /* VT */
 	case '\n':   /* LF */
 		/* go to first col if the mode is set */
 		tnewline(IS_SET(MODE_CRLF));
 		return;
 	case '\a':   /* BEL */
 		if (term.esc & ESC_STR_END) {
 			/* backwards compatibility to xterm */
 			strhandle();
 		} else {
 			if (!(xw.state & WIN_FOCUSED))
 				xseturgency(1);
 			if (bellvolume)
 				XkbBell(xw.dpy, xw.win, bellvolume, (Atom)NULL);
 		}
 		break;
 	case '\033': /* ESC */
 		csireset();
 		term.esc &= ~(ESC_CSI|ESC_ALTCHARSET|ESC_TEST);
 		term.esc |= ESC_START;
 		return;
 	case '\016': /* SO (LS1 -- Locking shift 1) */
 	case '\017': /* SI (LS0 -- Locking shift 0) */
 		term.charset = 1 - (ascii - '\016');
 		return;
 	case '\032': /* SUB */
 		tsetchar('?', &term.c.attr, term.c.x, term.c.y);
 	case '\030': /* CAN */
 		csireset();
 		break;
 	case '\005': /* ENQ (IGNORED) */
 	case '\000': /* NUL (IGNORED) */
 	case '\021': /* XON (IGNORED) */
 	case '\023': /* XOFF (IGNORED) */
 	case 0177:   /* DEL (IGNORED) */
 		return;
 	case 0x80:   /* TODO: PAD */
 	case 0x81:   /* TODO: HOP */
 	case 0x82:   /* TODO: BPH */
 	case 0x83:   /* TODO: NBH */
 	case 0x84:   /* TODO: IND */
 		break;
 	case 0x85:   /* NEL -- Next line */
 		tnewline(1); /* always go to first col */
 		break;
 	case 0x86:   /* TODO: SSA */
 	case 0x87:   /* TODO: ESA */
 		break;
 	case 0x88:   /* HTS -- Horizontal tab stop */
 		term.tabs[term.c.x] = 1;
 		break;
 	case 0x89:   /* TODO: HTJ */
 	case 0x8a:   /* TODO: VTS */
 	case 0x8b:   /* TODO: PLD */
 	case 0x8c:   /* TODO: PLU */
 	case 0x8d:   /* TODO: RI */
 	case 0x8e:   /* TODO: SS2 */
 	case 0x8f:   /* TODO: SS3 */
 	case 0x91:   /* TODO: PU1 */
 	case 0x92:   /* TODO: PU2 */
 	case 0x93:   /* TODO: STS */
 	case 0x94:   /* TODO: CCH */
 	case 0x95:   /* TODO: MW */
 	case 0x96:   /* TODO: SPA */
 	case 0x97:   /* TODO: EPA */
 	case 0x98:   /* TODO: SOS */
 	case 0x99:   /* TODO: SGCI */
 		break;
 	case 0x9a:   /* DECID -- Identify Terminal */
 		ttywrite(vtiden, sizeof(vtiden) - 1);
 		break;
 	case 0x9b:   /* TODO: CSI */
 	case 0x9c:   /* TODO: ST */
 		break;
 	case 0x90:   /* DCS -- Device Control String */
 	case 0x9d:   /* OSC -- Operating System Command */
 	case 0x9e:   /* PM -- Privacy Message */
 	case 0x9f:   /* APC -- Application Program Command */
 		tstrsequence(ascii);
 		return;
 	}
 	/* only CAN, SUB, \a and C1 chars interrupt a sequence */
 	term.esc &= ~(ESC_STR_END|ESC_STR);
 }
 
 /*
  * returns 1 when the sequence is finished and it hasn't to read
  * more characters for this sequence, otherwise 0
  */
 int
 eschandle(uchar ascii)
 {
 	switch (ascii) {
 	case '[':
 		term.esc |= ESC_CSI;
 		return 0;
 	case '#':
 		term.esc |= ESC_TEST;
 		return 0;
 	case '%':
 		term.esc |= ESC_UTF8;
 		return 0;
 	case 'P': /* DCS -- Device Control String */
 	case '_': /* APC -- Application Program Command */
 	case '^': /* PM -- Privacy Message */
 	case ']': /* OSC -- Operating System Command */
 	case 'k': /* old title set compatibility */
 		tstrsequence(ascii);
 		return 0;
 	case 'n': /* LS2 -- Locking shift 2 */
 	case 'o': /* LS3 -- Locking shift 3 */
 		term.charset = 2 + (ascii - 'n');
 		break;
 	case '(': /* GZD4 -- set primary charset G0 */
 	case ')': /* G1D4 -- set secondary charset G1 */
 	case '*': /* G2D4 -- set tertiary charset G2 */
 	case '+': /* G3D4 -- set quaternary charset G3 */
 		term.icharset = ascii - '(';
 		term.esc |= ESC_ALTCHARSET;
 		return 0;
 	case 'D': /* IND -- Linefeed */
 		if (term.c.y == term.bot) {
 			tscrollup(term.top, 1);
 		} else {
 			tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y+1);
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'E': /* NEL -- Next line */
 		tnewline(1); /* always go to first col */
 		break;
 	case 'H': /* HTS -- Horizontal tab stop */
 		term.tabs[term.c.x] = 1;
 		break;
 	case 'M': /* RI -- Reverse index */
 		if (term.c.y == term.top) {
 			tscrolldown(term.top, 1);
 		} else {
 			tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y-1);
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'Z': /* DECID -- Identify Terminal */
 		ttywrite(vtiden, sizeof(vtiden) - 1);
 		break;
 	case 'c': /* RIS -- Reset to inital state */
 		treset();
 		xresettitle();
 		xloadcols();
 		break;
 	case '=': /* DECPAM -- Application keypad */
 		term.mode |= MODE_APPKEYPAD;
 		break;
 	case '>': /* DECPNM -- Normal keypad */
 		term.mode &= ~MODE_APPKEYPAD;
 		break;
 	case '7': /* DECSC -- Save Cursor */
 		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
 		break;
 	case '8': /* DECRC -- Restore Cursor */
 		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
 		break;
 	case '\\': /* ST -- String Terminator */
 		if (term.esc & ESC_STR_END)
 			strhandle();
 		break;
 	default:
 		fprintf(stderr, "erresc: unknown sequence ESC 0x%02X '%c'\n",
 			(uchar) ascii, isprint(ascii)? ascii:'.');
 		break;
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
 void
 externalpipe(const Arg *arg)
 {
 	int to[2]; /* 0 = read, 1 = write */
 	pid_t child;
 	int n;
 	void (*oldsigpipe)(int);
 	char buf[UTF_SIZ];
 	Glyph *bp, *end;
 
 	if(pipe(to) == -1)
 		return;
 
 	/* sigchld() handles this */
 	switch(child = fork()){
 		case -1:
 			close(to[0]), close(to[1]);
 			return;
 		case 0:
 			/* child */
 			close(to[1]);
 			dup2(to[0], STDIN_FILENO); /* 0<&to */
 			close(to[0]);
 			execvp(
 					"sh",
 					(char *const []){
 						"/bin/sh",
 						"-c",
 						(char *)arg->v,
 						0
 					});
 			exit(127);
 	}
 
 	/* parent */
 	close(to[0]);
 	/* ignore sigpipe for now, in case child exits early */
 	oldsigpipe = signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 
 	for(n = 0; n < term.row; n++){
 		bp = &term.line[n][0];
 		end = &bp[MIN(tlinelen(n), term.col) - 1];
 		if(bp != end || bp->u != ' ')
 			for(; bp <= end; ++bp)
 				if(xwrite(to[1], buf, utf8encode(bp->u, buf)) < 0)
 					break;
 		if(xwrite(to[1], "\n", 1) < 0)
 			break;
 	}
 
 	close(to[1]);
 
 	/* restore */
 	signal(SIGPIPE, oldsigpipe);
 }
 
 void
 tputc(Rune u)
 {
 	char c[UTF_SIZ];
 	int control;
 	int width, len;
 	Glyph *gp;
 
 	control = ISCONTROL(u);
 	if (!IS_SET(MODE_UTF8) && !IS_SET(MODE_SIXEL)) {
 		c[0] = u;
 		width = len = 1;
 	} else {
 		len = utf8encode(u, c);
 		if (!control && (width = wcwidth(u)) == -1) {
 			memcpy(c, "\357\277\275", 4); /* UTF_INVALID */
 			width = 1;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_PRINT))
 		tprinter(c, len);
 
 	/*
 	 * STR sequence must be checked before anything else
 	 * because it uses all following characters until it
 	 * receives a ESC, a SUB, a ST or any other C1 control
 	 * character.
 	 */
 	if (term.esc & ESC_STR) {
 		if (u == '\a' || u == 030 || u == 032 || u == 033 ||
 		   ISCONTROLC1(u)) {
 			term.esc &= ~(ESC_START|ESC_STR|ESC_DCS);
 			if (IS_SET(MODE_SIXEL)) {
 				/* TODO: render sixel */;
 				term.mode &= ~MODE_SIXEL;
 				return;
 			}
 			term.esc |= ESC_STR_END;
 			goto check_control_code;
 		}
 
 
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_SIXEL)) {
 			/* TODO: implement sixel mode */
 			return;
 		}
 		if (term.esc&ESC_DCS && strescseq.len == 0 && u == 'q')
 			term.mode |= MODE_SIXEL;
 
 		if (strescseq.len+len >= sizeof(strescseq.buf)-1) {
 			/*
 			 * Here is a bug in terminals. If the user never sends
 			 * some code to stop the str or esc command, then st
 			 * will stop responding. But this is better than
 			 * silently failing with unknown characters. At least
 			 * then users will report back.
 			 *
 			 * In the case users ever get fixed, here is the code:
 			 */
 			/*
 			 * term.esc = 0;
 			 * strhandle();
 			 */
 			return;
 		}
 
 		memmove(&strescseq.buf[strescseq.len], c, len);
 		strescseq.len += len;
 		return;
 	}
 
 check_control_code:
 	/*
 	 * Actions of control codes must be performed as soon they arrive
 	 * because they can be embedded inside a control sequence, and
 	 * they must not cause conflicts with sequences.
 	 */
 	if (control) {
 		tcontrolcode(u);
 		/*
 		 * control codes are not shown ever
 		 */
 		return;
 	} else if (term.esc & ESC_START) {
 		if (term.esc & ESC_CSI) {
 			csiescseq.buf[csiescseq.len++] = u;
 			if (BETWEEN(u, 0x40, 0x7E)
 					|| csiescseq.len >= \
 					sizeof(csiescseq.buf)-1) {
 				term.esc = 0;
 				csiparse();
 				csihandle();
 			}
 			return;
 		} else if (term.esc & ESC_UTF8) {
 			tdefutf8(u);
 		} else if (term.esc & ESC_ALTCHARSET) {
 			tdeftran(u);
 		} else if (term.esc & ESC_TEST) {
 			tdectest(u);
 		} else {
 			if (!eschandle(u))
 				return;
 			/* sequence already finished */
 		}
 		term.esc = 0;
 		/*
 		 * All characters which form part of a sequence are not
 		 * printed
 		 */
 		return;
 	}
 	if (sel.ob.x != -1 && BETWEEN(term.c.y, sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y))
 		selclear(NULL);
 
 	gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_WRAP) && (term.c.state & CURSOR_WRAPNEXT)) {
 		gp->mode |= ATTR_WRAP;
 		tnewline(1);
 		gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
 	}
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_INSERT) && term.c.x+width < term.col)
 		memmove(gp+width, gp, (term.col - term.c.x - width) * sizeof(Glyph));
 
 	if (term.c.x+width > term.col) {
 		tnewline(1);
 		gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
 	}
 
 	tsetchar(u, &term.c.attr, term.c.x, term.c.y);
 
 	if (width == 2) {
 		gp->mode |= ATTR_WIDE;
 		if (term.c.x+1 < term.col) {
 			gp[1].u = '\0';
 			gp[1].mode = ATTR_WDUMMY;
 		}
 	}
 	if (term.c.x+width < term.col) {
 		tmoveto(term.c.x+width, term.c.y);
 	} else {
 		term.c.state |= CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tresize(int col, int row)
 {
 	int i;
 	int minrow = MIN(row, term.row);
 	int mincol = MIN(col, term.col);
 	int *bp;
 	TCursor c;
 
 	if (col < 1 || row < 1) {
 		fprintf(stderr,
 		        "tresize: error resizing to %dx%d\n", col, row);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * slide screen to keep cursor where we expect it -
 	 * tscrollup would work here, but we can optimize to
 	 * memmove because we're freeing the earlier lines
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i <= term.c.y - row; i++) {
 		free(term.line[i]);
 		free(term.alt[i]);
 	}
 	/* ensure that both src and dst are not NULL */
 	if (i > 0) {
 		memmove(term.line, term.line + i, row * sizeof(Line));
 		memmove(term.alt, term.alt + i, row * sizeof(Line));
 	}
 	for (i += row; i < term.row; i++) {
 		free(term.line[i]);
 		free(term.alt[i]);
 	}
 
 	/* resize to new width */
 	term.specbuf = xrealloc(term.specbuf, col * sizeof(XftGlyphFontSpec));
 
 	/* resize to new height */
 	term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
 	term.alt  = xrealloc(term.alt,  row * sizeof(Line));
 	term.dirty = xrealloc(term.dirty, row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
 	term.tabs = xrealloc(term.tabs, col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
 
 	/* resize each row to new width, zero-pad if needed */
 	for (i = 0; i < minrow; i++) {
 		term.line[i] = xrealloc(term.line[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
 		term.alt[i]  = xrealloc(term.alt[i],  col * sizeof(Glyph));
 	}
 
 	/* allocate any new rows */
 	for (/* i == minrow */; i < row; i++) {
 		term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
 		term.alt[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
 	}
 	if (col > term.col) {
 		bp = term.tabs + term.col;
 
 		memset(bp, 0, sizeof(*term.tabs) * (col - term.col));
 		while (--bp > term.tabs && !*bp)
 			/* nothing */ ;
 		for (bp += tabspaces; bp < term.tabs + col; bp += tabspaces)
 			*bp = 1;
 	}
 	/* update terminal size */
 	term.col = col;
 	term.row = row;
 	/* reset scrolling region */
 	tsetscroll(0, row-1);
 	/* make use of the LIMIT in tmoveto */
 	tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
 	/* Clearing both screens (it makes dirty all lines) */
 	c = term.c;
 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
 		if (mincol < col && 0 < minrow) {
 			tclearregion(mincol, 0, col - 1, minrow - 1);
 		}
 		if (0 < col && minrow < row) {
 			tclearregion(0, minrow, col - 1, row - 1);
 		}
 		tswapscreen();
 		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
 	}
 	term.c = c;
 }
 
 void
 xresize(int col, int row)
 {
 	xw.tw = MAX(1, col * xw.cw);
 	xw.th = MAX(1, row * xw.ch);
 
 	XFreePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.buf);
 	xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.w, xw.h,
 			DefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr));
 	XftDrawChange(xw.draw, xw.buf);
 	xclear(0, 0, xw.w, xw.h);
 }
 
 ushort
 sixd_to_16bit(int x)
 {
 	return x == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * x;
 }
 
 int
 xloadcolor(int i, const char *name, Color *ncolor)
 {
 	XRenderColor color = { .alpha = 0xffff };
 
 	if (!name) {
 		if (BETWEEN(i, 16, 255)) { /* 256 color */
 			if (i < 6*6*6+16) { /* same colors as xterm */
 				color.red   = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/36)%6 );
 				color.green = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/6) %6 );
 				color.blue  = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/1) %6 );
 			} else { /* greyscale */
 				color.red = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * (i - (6*6*6+16));
 				color.green = color.blue = color.red;
 			}
 			return XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis,
 			                          xw.cmap, &color, ncolor);
 		} else
 			name = colorname[i];
 	}
 
 	return XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, name, ncolor);
 }
 
 void
 xloadcols(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	static int loaded;
 	Color *cp;
 
 	if (loaded) {
 		for (cp = dc.col; cp < &dc.col[LEN(dc.col)]; ++cp)
 			XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, cp);
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < LEN(dc.col); i++)
 		if (!xloadcolor(i, NULL, &dc.col[i])) {
 			if (colorname[i])
 				die("Could not allocate color '%s'\n", colorname[i]);
 			else
 				die("Could not allocate color %d\n", i);
 		}
 	loaded = 1;
 }
 
 int
 xsetcolorname(int x, const char *name)
 {
 	Color ncolor;
 
 	if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, LEN(dc.col)))
 		return 1;
 
 
 	if (!xloadcolor(x, name, &ncolor))
 		return 1;
 
 	XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &dc.col[x]);
 	dc.col[x] = ncolor;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
  * Absolute coordinates.
  */
 void
 xclear(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
 {
 	XftDrawRect(xw.draw,
 			&dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)? defaultfg : defaultbg],
 			x1, y1, x2-x1, y2-y1);
 }
 
 void
 xhints(void)
 {
 	XClassHint class = {opt_name ? opt_name : termname,
 	                    opt_class ? opt_class : termname};
 	XWMHints wm = {.flags = InputHint, .input = 1};
 	XSizeHints *sizeh = NULL;
 
 	sizeh = XAllocSizeHints();
 
 	sizeh->flags = PSize | PResizeInc | PBaseSize;
 	sizeh->height = xw.h;
 	sizeh->width = xw.w;
 	sizeh->height_inc = xw.ch;
 	sizeh->width_inc = xw.cw;
 	sizeh->base_height = 2 * borderpx;
 	sizeh->base_width = 2 * borderpx;
 	if (xw.isfixed) {
 		sizeh->flags |= PMaxSize | PMinSize;
 		sizeh->min_width = sizeh->max_width = xw.w;
 		sizeh->min_height = sizeh->max_height = xw.h;
 	}
 	if (xw.gm & (XValue|YValue)) {
 		sizeh->flags |= USPosition | PWinGravity;
 		sizeh->x = xw.l;
 		sizeh->y = xw.t;
 		sizeh->win_gravity = xgeommasktogravity(xw.gm);
 	}
 
 	XSetWMProperties(xw.dpy, xw.win, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, sizeh, &wm,
 			&class);
 	XFree(sizeh);
 }
 
 int
 xgeommasktogravity(int mask)
 {
 	switch (mask & (XNegative|YNegative)) {
 	case 0:
 		return NorthWestGravity;
 	case XNegative:
 		return NorthEastGravity;
 	case YNegative:
 		return SouthWestGravity;
 	}
 
 	return SouthEastGravity;
 }
 
 int
 xloadfont(Font *f, FcPattern *pattern)
 {
 	FcPattern *configured;
 	FcPattern *match;
 	FcResult result;
 	XGlyphInfo extents;
 	int wantattr, haveattr;
 
 	/*
 	 * Manually configure instead of calling XftMatchFont
 	 * so that we can use the configured pattern for
 	 * "missing glyph" lookups.
 	 */
 	configured = FcPatternDuplicate(pattern);
 	if (!configured)
 		return 1;
 
 	FcConfigSubstitute(NULL, configured, FcMatchPattern);
 	XftDefaultSubstitute(xw.dpy, xw.scr, configured);
 
 	match = FcFontMatch(NULL, configured, &result);
 	if (!match) {
 		FcPatternDestroy(configured);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if (!(f->match = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy, match))) {
 		FcPatternDestroy(configured);
 		FcPatternDestroy(match);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "slant", 0, &wantattr) ==
 	    XftResultMatch)) {
 		/*
 		 * Check if xft was unable to find a font with the appropriate
 		 * slant but gave us one anyway. Try to mitigate.
 		 */
 		if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "slant", 0,
 		    &haveattr) != XftResultMatch) || haveattr < wantattr) {
 			f->badslant = 1;
 			fputs("st: font slant does not match\n", stderr);
 		}
 	}
 
 	if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "weight", 0, &wantattr) ==
 	    XftResultMatch)) {
 		if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "weight", 0,
 		    &haveattr) != XftResultMatch) || haveattr != wantattr) {
 			f->badweight = 1;
 			fputs("st: font weight does not match\n", stderr);
 		}
 	}
 
 	XftTextExtentsUtf8(xw.dpy, f->match,
 		(const FcChar8 *) ascii_printable,
 		strlen(ascii_printable), &extents);
 
 	f->set = NULL;
 	f->pattern = configured;
 
 	f->ascent = f->match->ascent;
 	f->descent = f->match->descent;
 	f->lbearing = 0;
 	f->rbearing = f->match->max_advance_width;
 
 	f->height = f->ascent + f->descent;
 	f->width = DIVCEIL(extents.xOff, strlen(ascii_printable));
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 void
 xloadfonts(char *fontstr, double fontsize)
 {
 	FcPattern *pattern;
 	double fontval;
 	float ceilf(float);
 
 	if (fontstr[0] == '-') {
 		pattern = XftXlfdParse(fontstr, False, False);
 	} else {
 		pattern = FcNameParse((FcChar8 *)fontstr);
 	}
 
 	if (!pattern)
 		die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
 
 	if (fontsize > 1) {
 		FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE);
 		FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SIZE);
 		FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, (double)fontsize);
 		usedfontsize = fontsize;
 	} else {
 		if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
 				FcResultMatch) {
 			usedfontsize = fontval;
 		} else if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
 				FcResultMatch) {
 			usedfontsize = -1;
 		} else {
 			/*
 			 * Default font size is 12, if none given. This is to
 			 * have a known usedfontsize value.
 			 */
 			FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 12);
 			usedfontsize = 12;
 		}
 		defaultfontsize = usedfontsize;
 	}
 
 	if (xloadfont(&dc.font, pattern))
 		die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
 
 	if (usedfontsize < 0) {
 		FcPatternGetDouble(dc.font.match->pattern,
 		                   FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval);
 		usedfontsize = fontval;
 		if (fontsize == 0)
 			defaultfontsize = fontval;
 	}
 
 	/* Setting character width and height. */
 	xw.cw = ceilf(dc.font.width * cwscale);
 	xw.ch = ceilf(dc.font.height * chscale);
 
 	FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
 	FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ITALIC);
 	if (xloadfont(&dc.ifont, pattern))
 		die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
 
 	FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_WEIGHT);
 	FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_WEIGHT, FC_WEIGHT_BOLD);
 	if (xloadfont(&dc.ibfont, pattern))
 		die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
 
 	FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
 	FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ROMAN);
 	if (xloadfont(&dc.bfont, pattern))
 		die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
 
 	FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
 }
 
 void
 xunloadfont(Font *f)
 {
 	XftFontClose(xw.dpy, f->match);
 	FcPatternDestroy(f->pattern);
 	if (f->set)
 		FcFontSetDestroy(f->set);
 }
 
 void
 xunloadfonts(void)
 {
 	/* Free the loaded fonts in the font cache.  */
 	while (frclen > 0)
 		XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[--frclen].font);
 
 	xunloadfont(&dc.font);
 	xunloadfont(&dc.bfont);
 	xunloadfont(&dc.ifont);
 	xunloadfont(&dc.ibfont);
 }
 
 void
 xzoom(const Arg *arg)
 {
 	Arg larg;
 
 	larg.f = usedfontsize + arg->f;
 	xzoomabs(&larg);
 }
 
 void
 xzoomabs(const Arg *arg)
 {
 	xunloadfonts();
 	xloadfonts(usedfont, arg->f);
 	cresize(0, 0);
 	ttyresize();
 	redraw();
 	xhints();
 }
 
 void
 xzoomreset(const Arg *arg)
 {
 	Arg larg;
 
 	if (defaultfontsize > 0) {
 		larg.f = defaultfontsize;
 		xzoomabs(&larg);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 xinit(void)
 {
 	XGCValues gcvalues;
 	Cursor cursor;
 	Window parent;
 	pid_t thispid = getpid();
 	XColor xmousefg, xmousebg;
 
 	if (!(xw.dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
 		die("Can't open display\n");
 	xw.scr = XDefaultScreen(xw.dpy);
 	xw.vis = XDefaultVisual(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
 
 	/* font */
 	if (!FcInit())
 		die("Could not init fontconfig.\n");
 
 	usedfont = (opt_font == NULL)? font : opt_font;
 	xloadfonts(usedfont, 0);
 
 	/* colors */
 	xw.cmap = XDefaultColormap(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
 	xloadcols();
 
 	/* adjust fixed window geometry */
 	xw.w = 2 * borderpx + term.col * xw.cw;
 	xw.h = 2 * borderpx + term.row * xw.ch;
 	if (xw.gm & XNegative)
 		xw.l += DisplayWidth(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - xw.w - 2;
 	if (xw.gm & YNegative)
 		xw.t += DisplayHeight(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - xw.h - 2;
 
 	/* Events */
 	xw.attrs.background_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
 	xw.attrs.border_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
 	xw.attrs.bit_gravity = NorthWestGravity;
 	xw.attrs.event_mask = FocusChangeMask | KeyPressMask
 		| ExposureMask | VisibilityChangeMask | StructureNotifyMask
 		| ButtonMotionMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask;
 	xw.attrs.colormap = xw.cmap;
 
 	if (!(opt_embed && (parent = strtol(opt_embed, NULL, 0))))
 		parent = XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
 	xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dpy, parent, xw.l, xw.t,
 			xw.w, xw.h, 0, XDefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr), InputOutput,
 			xw.vis, CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel | CWBitGravity
 			| CWEventMask | CWColormap, &xw.attrs);
 
 	memset(&gcvalues, 0, sizeof(gcvalues));
 	gcvalues.graphics_exposures = False;
 	dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, parent, GCGraphicsExposures,
 			&gcvalues);
 	xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.w, xw.h,
 			DefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr));
 	XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[defaultbg].pixel);
 	XFillRectangle(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc, 0, 0, xw.w, xw.h);
 
 	/* Xft rendering context */
 	xw.draw = XftDrawCreate(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.vis, xw.cmap);
 
 	/* input methods */
 	if ((xw.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 		XSetLocaleModifiers("@im=local");
 		if ((xw.xim =  XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 			XSetLocaleModifiers("@im=");
 			if ((xw.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dpy,
 					NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 				die("XOpenIM failed. Could not open input"
 					" device.\n");
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	xw.xic = XCreateIC(xw.xim, XNInputStyle, XIMPreeditNothing
 					   | XIMStatusNothing, XNClientWindow, xw.win,
 					   XNFocusWindow, xw.win, NULL);
 	if (xw.xic == NULL)
 		die("XCreateIC failed. Could not obtain input method.\n");
 
 	/* white cursor, black outline */
 	cursor = XCreateFontCursor(xw.dpy, mouseshape);
 	XDefineCursor(xw.dpy, xw.win, cursor);
 
 	if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousefg], &xmousefg) == 0) {
 		xmousefg.red   = 0xffff;
 		xmousefg.green = 0xffff;
 		xmousefg.blue  = 0xffff;
 	}
 
 	if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousebg], &xmousebg) == 0) {
 		xmousebg.red   = 0x0000;
 		xmousebg.green = 0x0000;
 		xmousebg.blue  = 0x0000;
 	}
 
 	XRecolorCursor(xw.dpy, cursor, &xmousefg, &xmousebg);
 
 	xw.xembed = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_XEMBED", False);
 	xw.wmdeletewin = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
 	xw.netwmname = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
 	XSetWMProtocols(xw.dpy, xw.win, &xw.wmdeletewin, 1);
 
 	xw.netwmpid = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_PID", False);
 	XChangeProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.netwmpid, XA_CARDINAL, 32,
 			PropModeReplace, (uchar *)&thispid, 1);
 
 	xresettitle();
 	XMapWindow(xw.dpy, xw.win);
 	xhints();
 	XSync(xw.dpy, False);
 }
 
 int
 xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, const Glyph *glyphs, int len, int x, int y)
 {
 	float winx = borderpx + x * xw.cw, winy = borderpx + y * xw.ch, xp, yp;
 	ushort mode, prevmode = USHRT_MAX;
 	Font *font = &dc.font;
 	int frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
 	float runewidth = xw.cw;
 	Rune rune;
 	FT_UInt glyphidx;
 	FcResult fcres;
 	FcPattern *fcpattern, *fontpattern;
 	FcFontSet *fcsets[] = { NULL };
 	FcCharSet *fccharset;
 	int i, f, numspecs = 0;
 
 	for (i = 0, xp = winx, yp = winy + font->ascent; i < len; ++i) {
 		/* Fetch rune and mode for current glyph. */
 		rune = glyphs[i].u;
 		mode = glyphs[i].mode;
 
 		/* Skip dummy wide-character spacing. */
 		if (mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
 			continue;
 
 		/* Determine font for glyph if different from previous glyph. */
 		if (prevmode != mode) {
 			prevmode = mode;
 			font = &dc.font;
 			frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
 			runewidth = xw.cw * ((mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2.0f : 1.0f);
 			if ((mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
 				font = &dc.ibfont;
 				frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
 			} else if (mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
 				font = &dc.ifont;
 				frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
 			} else if (mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
 				font = &dc.bfont;
 				frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
 			}
 			yp = winy + font->ascent;
 		}
 
 		/* Lookup character index with default font. */
 		glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, font->match, rune);
 		if (glyphidx) {
 			specs[numspecs].font = font->match;
 			specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
 			specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
 			specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
 			xp += runewidth;
 			numspecs++;
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		/* Fallback on font cache, search the font cache for match. */
 		for (f = 0; f < frclen; f++) {
 			glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[f].font, rune);
 			/* Everything correct. */
 			if (glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags)
 				break;
 			/* We got a default font for a not found glyph. */
 			if (!glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags
 					&& frc[f].unicodep == rune) {
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 
 		/* Nothing was found. Use fontconfig to find matching font. */
 		if (f >= frclen) {
 			if (!font->set)
 				font->set = FcFontSort(0, font->pattern,
 				                       1, 0, &fcres);
 			fcsets[0] = font->set;
 
 			/*
 			 * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
 			 * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
 			 * font for one single character.
 			 *
 			 * Xft and fontconfig are design failures.
 			 */
 			fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
 			fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
 
 			FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, rune);
 			FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET,
 					fccharset);
 			FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE, 1);
 
 			FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern,
 					FcMatchPattern);
 			FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
 
 			fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets, 1,
 					fcpattern, &fcres);
 
 			/*
 			 * Overwrite or create the new cache entry.
 			 */
 			if (frclen >= LEN(frc)) {
 				frclen = LEN(frc) - 1;
 				XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font);
 				frc[frclen].unicodep = 0;
 			}
 
 			frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy,
 					fontpattern);
 			frc[frclen].flags = frcflags;
 			frc[frclen].unicodep = rune;
 
 			glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font, rune);
 
 			f = frclen;
 			frclen++;
 
 			FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
 			FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
 		}
 
 		specs[numspecs].font = frc[f].font;
 		specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
 		specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
 		specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
 		xp += runewidth;
 		numspecs++;
 	}
 
 	return numspecs;
 }
 
 void
 xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len, int x, int y)
 {
 	int charlen = len * ((base.mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2 : 1);
 	int winx = borderpx + x * xw.cw, winy = borderpx + y * xw.ch,
 	    width = charlen * xw.cw;
 	Color *fg, *bg, *temp, revfg, revbg, truefg, truebg;
 	XRenderColor colfg, colbg;
 	XRectangle r;
 
 	/* Fallback on color display for attributes not supported by the font */
 	if (base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && base.mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
 		if (dc.ibfont.badslant || dc.ibfont.badweight)
 			base.fg = defaultattr;
 	} else if ((base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && dc.ifont.badslant) ||
 	    (base.mode & ATTR_BOLD && dc.bfont.badweight)) {
 		base.fg = defaultattr;
 	}
 
 	if (IS_TRUECOL(base.fg)) {
 		colfg.alpha = 0xffff;
 		colfg.red = TRUERED(base.fg);
 		colfg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.fg);
 		colfg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.fg);
 		XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &truefg);
 		fg = &truefg;
 	} else {
 		fg = &dc.col[base.fg];
 	}
 
 	if (IS_TRUECOL(base.bg)) {
 		colbg.alpha = 0xffff;
 		colbg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.bg);
 		colbg.red = TRUERED(base.bg);
 		colbg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.bg);
 		XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg, &truebg);
 		bg = &truebg;
 	} else {
 		bg = &dc.col[base.bg];
 	}
 
 	/* Change basic system colors [0-7] to bright system colors [8-15] */
 	if ((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_BOLD && BETWEEN(base.fg, 0, 7))
 		fg = &dc.col[base.fg + 8];
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
 		if (fg == &dc.col[defaultfg]) {
 			fg = &dc.col[defaultbg];
 		} else {
 			colfg.red = ~fg->color.red;
 			colfg.green = ~fg->color.green;
 			colfg.blue = ~fg->color.blue;
 			colfg.alpha = fg->color.alpha;
 			XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg,
 					&revfg);
 			fg = &revfg;
 		}
 
 		if (bg == &dc.col[defaultbg]) {
 			bg = &dc.col[defaultfg];
 		} else {
 			colbg.red = ~bg->color.red;
 			colbg.green = ~bg->color.green;
 			colbg.blue = ~bg->color.blue;
 			colbg.alpha = bg->color.alpha;
 			XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg,
 					&revbg);
 			bg = &revbg;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (base.mode & ATTR_REVERSE) {
 		temp = fg;
 		fg = bg;
 		bg = temp;
 	}
 
 	if ((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_FAINT) {
 		colfg.red = fg->color.red / 2;
 		colfg.green = fg->color.green / 2;
 		colfg.blue = fg->color.blue / 2;
 		XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &revfg);
 		fg = &revfg;
 	}
 
 	if (base.mode & ATTR_BLINK && term.mode & MODE_BLINK)
 		fg = bg;
 
 	if (base.mode & ATTR_INVISIBLE)
 		fg = bg;
 
 	/* Intelligent cleaning up of the borders. */
 	if (x == 0) {
 		xclear(0, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, borderpx,
 			winy + xw.ch + ((y >= term.row-1)? xw.h : 0));
 	}
 	if (x + charlen >= term.col) {
 		xclear(winx + width, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, xw.w,
 			((y >= term.row-1)? xw.h : (winy + xw.ch)));
 	}
 	if (y == 0)
 		xclear(winx, 0, winx + width, borderpx);
 	if (y == term.row-1)
 		xclear(winx, winy + xw.ch, winx + width, xw.h);
 
 	/* Clean up the region we want to draw to. */
 	XftDrawRect(xw.draw, bg, winx, winy, width, xw.ch);
 
 	/* Set the clip region because Xft is sometimes dirty. */
 	r.x = 0;
 	r.y = 0;
 	r.height = xw.ch;
 	r.width = width;
 	XftDrawSetClipRectangles(xw.draw, winx, winy, &r, 1);
 
 	/* Render the glyphs. */
 	XftDrawGlyphFontSpec(xw.draw, fg, specs, len);
 
 	/* Render underline and strikethrough. */
 	if (base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE) {
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + dc.font.ascent + 1,
 				width, 1);
 	}
 
 	if (base.mode & ATTR_STRUCK) {
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + 2 * dc.font.ascent / 3,
 				width, 1);
 	}
 
 	/* Reset clip to none. */
 	XftDrawSetClip(xw.draw, 0);
 }
 
 void
 xdrawglyph(Glyph g, int x, int y)
 {
 	int numspecs;
 	XftGlyphFontSpec spec;
 
 	numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(&spec, &g, 1, x, y);
 	xdrawglyphfontspecs(&spec, g, numspecs, x, y);
 }
 
 void
 xdrawcursor(void)
 {
 	static int oldx = 0, oldy = 0;
 	int curx;
 	Glyph g = {' ', ATTR_NULL, defaultbg, defaultcs}, og;
 	int ena_sel = sel.ob.x != -1 && sel.alt == IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
 	Color drawcol;
 
 	LIMIT(oldx, 0, term.col-1);
 	LIMIT(oldy, 0, term.row-1);
 
 	curx = term.c.x;
 
 	/* adjust position if in dummy */
 	if (term.line[oldy][oldx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
 		oldx--;
 	if (term.line[term.c.y][curx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
 		curx--;
 
 	/* remove the old cursor */
 	og = term.line[oldy][oldx];
 	if (ena_sel && selected(oldx, oldy))
 		og.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
 	xdrawglyph(og, oldx, oldy);
 
 	g.u = term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x].u;
 
 	/*
 	 * Select the right color for the right mode.
 	 */
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
 		g.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE;
 		g.bg = defaultfg;
 		if (ena_sel && selected(term.c.x, term.c.y)) {
 			drawcol = dc.col[defaultcs];
 			g.fg = defaultrcs;
 		} else {
 			drawcol = dc.col[defaultrcs];
 			g.fg = defaultcs;
 		}
 	} else {
 		if (ena_sel && selected(term.c.x, term.c.y)) {
 			drawcol = dc.col[defaultrcs];
 			g.fg = defaultfg;
 			g.bg = defaultrcs;
 		} else {
 			drawcol = dc.col[defaultcs];
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_HIDE))
 		return;
 
 	/* draw the new one */
 	if (xw.state & WIN_FOCUSED) {
 		switch (xw.cursor) {
 		case 7: /* st extension: snowman */
 			utf8decode("☃", &g.u, UTF_SIZ);
 		case 0: /* Blinking Block */
 		case 1: /* Blinking Block (Default) */
 		case 2: /* Steady Block */
 			g.mode |= term.line[term.c.y][curx].mode & ATTR_WIDE;
 			xdrawglyph(g, term.c.x, term.c.y);
 			break;
 		case 3: /* Blinking Underline */
 		case 4: /* Steady Underline */
 			XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
 					borderpx + curx * xw.cw,
 					borderpx + (term.c.y + 1) * xw.ch - \
 						cursorthickness,
 					xw.cw, cursorthickness);
 			break;
 		case 5: /* Blinking bar */
 		case 6: /* Steady bar */
 			XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
 					borderpx + curx * xw.cw,
 					borderpx + term.c.y * xw.ch,
 					cursorthickness, xw.ch);
 			break;
 		}
 	} else {
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
 				borderpx + curx * xw.cw,
 				borderpx + term.c.y * xw.ch,
 				xw.cw - 1, 1);
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
 				borderpx + curx * xw.cw,
 				borderpx + term.c.y * xw.ch,
 				1, xw.ch - 1);
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
 				borderpx + (curx + 1) * xw.cw - 1,
 				borderpx + term.c.y * xw.ch,
 				1, xw.ch - 1);
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
 				borderpx + curx * xw.cw,
 				borderpx + (term.c.y + 1) * xw.ch - 1,
 				xw.cw, 1);
 	}
 	oldx = curx, oldy = term.c.y;
 }
 
 
 void
 xsettitle(char *p)
 {
 	XTextProperty prop;
 
 	Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle,
 			&prop);
 	XSetWMName(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop);
 	XSetTextProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop, xw.netwmname);
 	XFree(prop.value);
 }
 
 void
 xresettitle(void)
 {
 	xsettitle(opt_title ? opt_title : "st");
 }
 
 void
 redraw(void)
 {
 	tfulldirt();
 	draw();
 }
 
 void
 draw(void)
 {
 	drawregion(0, 0, term.col, term.row);
 	XCopyArea(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.win, dc.gc, 0, 0, xw.w,
 			xw.h, 0, 0);
 	XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc,
 			dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)?
 				defaultfg : defaultbg].pixel);
 }
 
 void
 drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
 {
 	int i, x, y, ox, numspecs;
 	Glyph base, new;
 	XftGlyphFontSpec *specs;
 	int ena_sel = sel.ob.x != -1 && sel.alt == IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
 
 	if (!(xw.state & WIN_VISIBLE))
 		return;
 
 	for (y = y1; y < y2; y++) {
 		if (!term.dirty[y])
 			continue;
 
 		term.dirty[y] = 0;
 
 		specs = term.specbuf;
 		numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &term.line[y][x1], x2 - x1, x1, y);
 
 		i = ox = 0;
 		for (x = x1; x < x2 && i < numspecs; x++) {
 			new = term.line[y][x];
 			if (new.mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
 				continue;
 			if (ena_sel && selected(x, y))
 				new.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
 			if (i > 0 && ATTRCMP(base, new)) {
 				xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y);
 				specs += i;
 				numspecs -= i;
 				i = 0;
 			}
 			if (i == 0) {
 				ox = x;
 				base = new;
 			}
 			i++;
 		}
 		if (i > 0)
 			xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y);
 	}
 	xdrawcursor();
 }
 
 void
 expose(XEvent *ev)
 {
 	redraw();
 }
 
 void
 visibility(XEvent *ev)
 {
 	XVisibilityEvent *e = &ev->xvisibility;
 
 	MODBIT(xw.state, e->state != VisibilityFullyObscured, WIN_VISIBLE);
 }
 
 void
 unmap(XEvent *ev)
 {
 	xw.state &= ~WIN_VISIBLE;
 }
 
 void
 xsetpointermotion(int set)
 {
 	MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, set, PointerMotionMask);
 	XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask, &xw.attrs);
 }
 
 void
 xseturgency(int add)
 {
 	XWMHints *h = XGetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win);
 
 	MODBIT(h->flags, add, XUrgencyHint);
 	XSetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win, h);
 	XFree(h);
 }
 
 void
 focus(XEvent *ev)
 {
 	XFocusChangeEvent *e = &ev->xfocus;
 
 	if (e->mode == NotifyGrab)
 		return;
 
 	if (ev->type == FocusIn) {
 		XSetICFocus(xw.xic);
 		xw.state |= WIN_FOCUSED;
 		xseturgency(0);
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
 			ttywrite("\033[I", 3);
 	} else {
 		XUnsetICFocus(xw.xic);
 		xw.state &= ~WIN_FOCUSED;
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
 			ttywrite("\033[O", 3);
 	}
 }
 
 int
 match(uint mask, uint state)
 {
 	return mask == XK_ANY_MOD || mask == (state & ~ignoremod);
 }
 
 void
 numlock(const Arg *dummy)
 {
 	term.numlock ^= 1;
 }
 
 char*
 kmap(KeySym k, uint state)
 {
 	Key *kp;
 	int i;
 
 	/* Check for mapped keys out of X11 function keys. */
 	for (i = 0; i < LEN(mappedkeys); i++) {
 		if (mappedkeys[i] == k)
 			break;
 	}
 	if (i == LEN(mappedkeys)) {
 		if ((k & 0xFFFF) < 0xFD00)
 			return NULL;
 	}
 
 	for (kp = key; kp < key + LEN(key); kp++) {
 		if (kp->k != k)
 			continue;
 
 		if (!match(kp->mask, state))
 			continue;
 
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD) ? kp->appkey < 0 : kp->appkey > 0)
 			continue;
 		if (term.numlock && kp->appkey == 2)
 			continue;
 
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_APPCURSOR) ? kp->appcursor < 0 : kp->appcursor > 0)
 			continue;
 
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_CRLF) ? kp->crlf < 0 : kp->crlf > 0)
 			continue;
 
 		return kp->s;
 	}
 
 	return NULL;
 }
 
 void
 kpress(XEvent *ev)
 {
 	XKeyEvent *e = &ev->xkey;
 	KeySym ksym;
 	char buf[32], *customkey;
 	int len;
 	Rune c;
 	Status status;
 	Shortcut *bp;
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_KBDLOCK))
 		return;
 
 	len = XmbLookupString(xw.xic, e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, &status);
 	/* 1. shortcuts */
 	for (bp = shortcuts; bp < shortcuts + LEN(shortcuts); bp++) {
 		if (ksym == bp->keysym && match(bp->mod, e->state)) {
 			bp->func(&(bp->arg));
 			return;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/* 2. custom keys from config.h */
 	if ((customkey = kmap(ksym, e->state))) {
 		ttysend(customkey, strlen(customkey));
 		return;
 	}
 
 	/* 3. composed string from input method */
 	if (len == 0)
 		return;
 	if (len == 1 && e->state & Mod1Mask) {
 		if (IS_SET(MODE_8BIT)) {
 			if (*buf < 0177) {
 				c = *buf | 0x80;
 				len = utf8encode(c, buf);
 			}
 		} else {
 			buf[1] = buf[0];
 			buf[0] = '\033';
 			len = 2;
 		}
 	}
 	ttysend(buf, len);
 }
 
 
 void
 cmessage(XEvent *e)
 {
 	/*
 	 * See xembed specs
 	 *  http://standards.freedesktop.org/xembed-spec/xembed-spec-latest.html
 	 */
 	if (e->xclient.message_type == xw.xembed && e->xclient.format == 32) {
 		if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_IN) {
 			xw.state |= WIN_FOCUSED;
 			xseturgency(0);
 		} else if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT) {
 			xw.state &= ~WIN_FOCUSED;
 		}
 	} else if (e->xclient.data.l[0] == xw.wmdeletewin) {
 		/* Send SIGHUP to shell */
 		kill(pid, SIGHUP);
 		exit(0);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 cresize(int width, int height)
 {
 	int col, row;
 
 	if (width != 0)
 		xw.w = width;
 	if (height != 0)
 		xw.h = height;
 
 	col = (xw.w - 2 * borderpx) / xw.cw;
 	row = (xw.h - 2 * borderpx) / xw.ch;
 
 	tresize(col, row);
 	xresize(col, row);
 }
 
 void
 resize(XEvent *e)
 {
 	if (e->xconfigure.width == xw.w && e->xconfigure.height == xw.h)
 		return;
 
 	cresize(e->xconfigure.width, e->xconfigure.height);
 	ttyresize();
 }
 
 void
 run(void)
 {
 	XEvent ev;
 	int w = xw.w, h = xw.h;
 	fd_set rfd;
 	int xfd = XConnectionNumber(xw.dpy), xev, blinkset = 0, dodraw = 0;
 	struct timespec drawtimeout, *tv = NULL, now, last, lastblink;
 	long deltatime;
 
 	/* Waiting for window mapping */
 	do {
 		XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
 		/*
 		 * This XFilterEvent call is required because of XOpenIM. It
 		 * does filter out the key event and some client message for
 		 * the input method too.
 		 */
 		if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
 			continue;
 		if (ev.type == ConfigureNotify) {
 			w = ev.xconfigure.width;
 			h = ev.xconfigure.height;
 		}
 	} while (ev.type != MapNotify);
 
 	cresize(w, h);
 	ttynew();
 	ttyresize();
 
 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 	lastblink = last;
 
 	for (xev = actionfps;;) {
 		FD_ZERO(&rfd);
 		FD_SET(cmdfd, &rfd);
 		FD_SET(xfd, &rfd);
 
 		if (pselect(MAX(xfd, cmdfd)+1, &rfd, NULL, NULL, tv, NULL) < 0) {
 			if (errno == EINTR)
 				continue;
 			die("select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 		}
 		if (FD_ISSET(cmdfd, &rfd)) {
 			ttyread();
 			if (blinktimeout) {
 				blinkset = tattrset(ATTR_BLINK);
 				if (!blinkset)
 					MODBIT(term.mode, 0, MODE_BLINK);
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (FD_ISSET(xfd, &rfd))
 			xev = actionfps;
 
 		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 		drawtimeout.tv_sec = 0;
 		drawtimeout.tv_nsec =  (1000 * 1E6)/ xfps;
 		tv = &drawtimeout;
 
 		dodraw = 0;
 		if (blinktimeout && TIMEDIFF(now, lastblink) > blinktimeout) {
 			tsetdirtattr(ATTR_BLINK);
 			term.mode ^= MODE_BLINK;
 			lastblink = now;
 			dodraw = 1;
 		}
 		deltatime = TIMEDIFF(now, last);
 		if (deltatime > 1000 / (xev ? xfps : actionfps)) {
 			dodraw = 1;
 			last = now;
 		}
 
 		if (dodraw) {
 			while (XPending(xw.dpy)) {
 				XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
 				if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
 					continue;
 				if (handler[ev.type])
 					(handler[ev.type])(&ev);
 			}
 
 			draw();
 			XFlush(xw.dpy);
 
 			if (xev && !FD_ISSET(xfd, &rfd))
 				xev--;
 			if (!FD_ISSET(cmdfd, &rfd) && !FD_ISSET(xfd, &rfd)) {
 				if (blinkset) {
 					if (TIMEDIFF(now, lastblink) \
 							> blinktimeout) {
 						drawtimeout.tv_nsec = 1000;
 					} else {
 						drawtimeout.tv_nsec = (1E6 * \
 							(blinktimeout - \
 							TIMEDIFF(now,
 								lastblink)));
 					}
 					drawtimeout.tv_sec = \
 					    drawtimeout.tv_nsec / 1E9;
 					drawtimeout.tv_nsec %= (long)1E9;
 				} else {
 					tv = NULL;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 void
 usage(void)
 {
 	die("usage: %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry]"
 	    " [-n name] [-o file]\n"
 	    "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid]"
 	    " [[-e] command [args ...]]\n"
 	    "       %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry]"
 	    " [-n name] [-o file]\n"
 	    "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid] -l line"
 	    " [stty_args ...]\n", argv0, argv0);
 }
 
 int
 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	xw.l = xw.t = 0;
 	xw.isfixed = False;
 	xw.cursor = cursorshape;
 
 	ARGBEGIN {
 	case 'a':
 		allowaltscreen = 0;
 		break;
 	case 'c':
 		opt_class = EARGF(usage());
 		break;
 	case 'e':
 		if (argc > 0)
 			--argc, ++argv;
 		goto run;
 	case 'f':
 		opt_font = EARGF(usage());
 		break;
 	case 'g':
 		xw.gm = XParseGeometry(EARGF(usage()),
 				&xw.l, &xw.t, &cols, &rows);
 		break;
 	case 'i':
 		xw.isfixed = 1;
 		break;
 	case 'o':
 		opt_io = EARGF(usage());
 		break;
 	case 'l':
 		opt_line = EARGF(usage());
 		break;
 	case 'n':
 		opt_name = EARGF(usage());
 		break;
 	case 't':
 	case 'T':
 		opt_title = EARGF(usage());
 		break;
 	case 'w':
 		opt_embed = EARGF(usage());
 		break;
 	case 'v':
 		die("%s " VERSION " (c) 2010-2016 st engineers\n", argv0);
 		break;
 	default:
 		usage();
 	} ARGEND;
 
 run:
 	if (argc > 0) {
 		/* eat all remaining arguments */
 		opt_cmd = argv;
 		if (!opt_title && !opt_line)
 			opt_title = basename(xstrdup(argv[0]));
 	}
 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
 	XSetLocaleModifiers("");
 	tnew(MAX(cols, 1), MAX(rows, 1));
 	xinit();
 	selinit();
 	run();
 
 	return 0;
 }